scholarly journals Enhanced degradation of atrazine under field conditions correlates with a loss of weed control in the glasshouse

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Jason Krutz ◽  
Robert M Zablotowicz ◽  
Krishna N Reddy ◽  
Clifford H Koger III ◽  
Mark A Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Enhanced Degradation

Enhanced Atrazine Degradation: Evidence for Reduced Residual Weed Control and a Method for Identifying Adapted Soils and Predicting Herbicide Persistence

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
Ian C. Burke ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Robert M. Zablotowicz ◽  
Andrew J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Persistence Model ◽  
Enhanced Degradation ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Soilborne bacteria with novel metabolic abilities have been linked with enhanced atrazine degradation and complaints of reduced residual weed control in soils with ans-triazine use history. However, no field study has verified that enhanced degradation reduces atrazine's residual weed control. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrazine persistence and prickly sida density ins-triazine-adapted and nonadapted field sites at two planting dates; (2) utilize original and published data to construct a diagnostic test for identifyings-triazine-adapted soils; and (3) develop and validate ans-triazine persistence model based on data generated from the diagnostic test, i.e., mineralization of ring-labeled14C-s-triazine. Atrazine half-life values ins-triazine-adapted soil were at least 1.4-fold lower than nonadapted soil and 5-fold lower than historic estimates (60 d). At both planting dates atrazine reduced prickly sida density in the nonadapted soils (P ≤ 0.0091). Conversely, in thes-triazine-adapted soil, prickly sida density was not different between no atrazine PRE and atrazine PRE at the March 15 planting date (P = 0.1397). A lack of significance in this contrast signifies that enhanced degradation can reduce atrazine's residual control of sensitive weed species. Analyses of published data indicate that cumulative mineralization in excess of 50% of C0after 30 d of incubation is diagnostic for enhanceds-triazine degradation. Ans-triazine persistence model was developed and validated; model predictions for atrazine persistence under field conditions were within the 95% confidence intervals of observed values. Results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation can decrease the herbicide's persistence and residual activity; however, coupling the diagnostic test with the persistence model could enable weed scientists to identifys-triazine-adapted soils, predict herbicide persistence under field conditions, and implement alternative weed control strategies in affected areas if warranted.

Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Common Purslane

Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.

A Comparison of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Triazine Herbicides for Enhanced Degradation in Three Midwestern Soils

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-679
Author(s):  
Ethan T. Parker ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhanced Degradation

AbstractThe triazines are one of the most widely used herbicide classes ever developed and are critical for managing weed populations that have developed herbicide resistance. These herbicides are traditionally valued for their residual weed control in more than 50 crops. Scientific literature suggests that atrazine, and perhaps others-triazines, may no longer remain persistent in soils due to enhanced microbial degradation. Experiments examined the rate of degradation of atrazine and two other triazine herbicides, simazine and metribuzin, in both atrazine-adapted and non-history Corn Belt soils, with similar soils being used from each state as a comparison of potential triazine degradation. In three soils with no history of atrazine use, thet1/2of atrazine was at least four times greater than in three soils with a history of atrazine use. Simazine degradation in the same three sets of soils was 2.4 to 15 times more rapid in history soils than non-history soils. Metribuzin in history soils degraded at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.9 times the rate seen in the same three non-history soils. These results indicate enhanced degradation of the symmetrical triazine simazine, but not of the asymmetrical triazine metribuzin.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

scholarly journals Influence of prometryne (Gesagard 50) on pectic substances and calcium contents in the above-ground parts of the field pea (Pisum arvense L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Renata Ciszewska ◽  
Anna Sykut ◽  
Jadwiga Szynal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Pisum Arvense ◽  
Pectic Substances

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fraction of protopectins) and calcium (free and bound) in field pea (<i>Pisum arvense</i> L.) leaves and stems during budding and flowering in field conditions was determined. In this experiment Gesagard 50 (S. A. - 50% prometryne) was applied to the soil in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha). An insignificant decrease of the content of protopectins and total pectins in leaves of the investigated plants (about 3-7% in relation to control) after application of this herbicide was noted, hut analogous changes in all years of the experiment were not observed in field pea stems. The influence of prometryne on the distribution of pectic substances in above-ground parts of the field pea and the degree of protopectins methylation were not corroborated. Neither did the total calcium content in the investigated plants change after application ofthe herbicide. These results show that application of Gesagard 50 in a weed control dose (2 kg/ha) in cultivation of field pea does not evoke changes in the investigated components content which might be of significance in the growth and development of plant cells and immunity reactions of plants.

Enhanced Soil Degradation of Butylate and EPTC in Nebraska Fields

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Central Field ◽  
North Central ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
South Central ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Enhanced Degradation

A survey to determine the frequency and weed control impact of enhanced degradation of butylate or EPTC in field soils receiving repeat applications of these herbicides was conducted in a sugarbeet and three corn growing areas of Nebraska. All seven of the sugarbeet field soils exhibited enhanced EPTC degradation. In the corn areas, none of the 13 north central and southeast field soils displayed accelerated degradation; however, 10 of the 16 south central field soils did. In south central Nebraska, 60% and 45% of the surveyed growers were dissatisfied with weed control from butylate or EPTC in 1983 and 1984, respectively, compared to 24% and none in other survey areas. Enhanced herbicide degradation and the presence of shattercane were the main reasons for the disparity among areas.

Influence of Placement of Charcoal on Protection of Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)from Diuron

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chandler ◽  
O. B. Wooten ◽  
F. E. Fulgham
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Crop Injury

The effectiveness of activated charcoal in protecting seedling cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) from diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] at 1.78 and 3.55 kg/ha was investigated under field conditions over a 5-yr period. Charcoal did not provide adequate protection when applied through the seed hopper box or sprayed in the seed furrow over each hill. Charcoal at 83 and 167 kg/ha applied as a spot over each hill of cotton gave adequate protection. Shallow incorporation of the charcoal significantly reduced the degree of protection. The optimum combination, providing maximum weed control and minimum crop injury, was diuron at 3.55 kg/ha applied over non-incorporated charcoal at 83 kg/ha.

Atrazine Dissipation as Affected by Surface pH and Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kells ◽  
C. E. Rieck ◽  
R. L. Blevins ◽  
W. M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Field studies and laboratory analyses were conducted to examine factors affecting degradation of14C-atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamine)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] under field conditions. The effects of these factors on weed control under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems were also examined. The amount of radioactivity which was unextractable in 90% methanol increased with time following treatment with14C-atrazine. The rate of formation of unextractable14C compounds was greater under no-tillage and increased with decreasing pH. After 14 to 18 days, a greater amount of extractable atrazine was present in areas receiving lime. The degradation of atrazine occurred more rapidly when surface pH was less than 5.0 compared with a pH greater than 6.5. The effect of lime on the amount of parent atrazine present in the soil was directly correlated to its effect on soil pH. Extractable atrazine in the soil 45 days after treatment was significantly correlated with weed control with the greatest effect under no-tillage.

Field Dissipation of Atrazine and Metribuzin in Organic Soils in Florida

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Odero ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Sugarcane growers have observed reduced residual activity of atrazine on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of south Florida. Field studies were conducted between 2011 and 2012 to determine the rate of dissipation of atrazine at 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg ha−1and metribuzin at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg ha−1in the top 10 cm of soil in sugarcane fields in the EAA. The bioavailable fraction of atrazine dissipated more rapidly than the total amount of atrazine in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of atrazine ranged between 3.9 to 12.1 d and 1.0 to 7.5 d, respectively. Metribuzin dissipated much more slowly than atrazine on organic soils. Similarly, dissipation of the bioavailable fraction of metribuzin was more rapid than was the dissipation of the total amount of metribuzin in the soil. Half-lives of the total and bioavailable fraction of metribuzin ranged between 16.2 and 24.8 d and 6.0 and 14.3 d, respectively. These results indicate that enhanced atrazine degradation occurs on organic soils under field conditions in the EAA, resulting in shorter residual atrazine activity. This implies that metribuzin is a better option for weed control in sugarcane grown on organic soils of the EAA exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation.

Biochar Decreases Atrazine and Pendimethalin Preemergence Herbicidal Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Soni ◽  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
John E. Erickson ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Maria L. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sorption Experiment ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
By Products

Biochar and vinasse are by-products of biofuel production that can be used as soil amendments. However, their addition to the soil might affect PRE herbicide activity. Although studies have shown that biochar has a high herbicide adsorption capacity, there is little information available about biochar effect on weed control especially under field conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biochar and vinasse application on atrazine and pendimethalin availability and herbicide activity underin vitroand field conditions.In vitroatrazine and pendimethalin herbicidal activities were not influenced by vinasse addition, but biochar application reduced atrazine and pendimethalin injury for all evaluated species. A sorption experiment confirmed high affinity of biochar for atrazine and pendimethalin. Linear regression analysis showed that the slope for atrazine and pendimethalin adsorption was 16 and 4 times higher in soil with biochar than in soil alone. Under field conditions, biochar at 0.5 kg m−2reduced atrazine and pendimethalin weed control 75% and 60%, respectively. These results suggested that the use of biochar as a soil amendment in cropping system could decrease PRE herbicide efficacy. Therefore, mitigating practices such as the use of higher rates or reliance on POST herbicides and cultivation might be necessary to ensure proper weed control.

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