Protective neighboring effect from ash trees treated with systemic insecticide against emerald ash borer

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating, invasive insect pest of ash trees, Fraxinus spp., in North America. Using a simulation model, we evaluated three potential management options to slow the spread of A. planipennis in discrete outlier sites: (i) removing ash trees to reduce available host phloem resource, (ii) girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing female beetles and destroying the trees before larvae complete development, and (iii) applying a highly effective systemic insecticide. Simulations indicate that systemic insecticide applications provided the greatest reduction in the radial spread of A. planipennis. In simulations in which management options were applied only within a 300 m radius from the origin of the infestation, insecticide applications reduced the radial spread by 30% and larval consumption of ash phloem by 40% beyond the treated area. In contrast, girdling ash trees reduced the radial spread by 15% and larval consumption of ash phloem by 20% beyond the treated area. Both of these management options significantly reduced the spread of A. planipennis when treatments were applied 1 to 4 years after infestations were initiated. Reducing ash phloem by removing ash trees decreased population size within treated areas but did not reduce the radial spread, population size, or larval consumption of ash phloem beyond treated areas.

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Can Spathius galinae attack emerald ash borer larvae feeding in large ash trees?

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.07.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 8-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Theresa C. Murphy ◽

Roy G. Van Driesche ◽

Juli R. Gould ◽

Joseph S. Elkinton

Keyword(s):

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Ash Trees

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Progress in the use of detection dogs for emerald ash borer monitoring

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpaa001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 326-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ute Hoyer-Tomiczek ◽

Gernot Hoch

Keyword(s):

Urban Forest ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Initial Study ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

Test Series ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Entry Points ◽

Ash Trees ◽

Scent Detection ◽

Single Blind

Abstract Early detection of infestation by the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis is extremely difficult; hence developing additional methods is desirable. We built on the successful use of canine scent detection for the invasive long-horned beetles Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora chinensis and trained six dogs in detection of EAB. A first test series was performed to evaluate detection accuracy of five of these dogs. Seven different experimental settings were tested under single blind conditions: (1) forest nursery, (2) piles of firewood, (3) firewood on the ground, (4) ash logs on the ground, (5) old urban ash trees, (6) urban forest with ash trees and (7) natural forest with ash trees. In total, 214 positive samples were presented to the dogs, out of which 20 remained undetected. The experiments ascertained sensitivity (correct positives of all positives) ranging from 73.3 to 100 percent and specificity (correct negatives of all negatives) from 88.9 to 99.8 percent in the tested settings. This initial study demonstrates that trained dogs are able to detect EAB scent from sources such as larval galleries in bark/wood, frass, living or dead larvae or dead dry beetles. The numbers of tested dogs and test series were limited, and further studies are needed to confirm the initial results. However, the preliminary findings demonstrate the potential of the method particularly for inspection of wood or plants at entry points.

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Evaluation of Xylem Discoloration in Ash Trees Associated with Macroinjections of a Systemic Insecticide

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2016.033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Tanis ◽

Deborah McCullough

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

High Rate ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Green Ash ◽

Pathogen Infection ◽

White Ash ◽

Ash Trees ◽

Canadian Provinces

Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis), first identified near Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 2002, has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in 28 states and two Canadian provinces to date. Trunk injections of insecticide products containing emamectin benzoate (EB) (e.g., TREE-ageR) are often used to protect ash trees in landscapes from EAB, but wounds and potential injury resulting from injections are a concern. Researchers examined 507 injection sites on 61 trees and recorded evidence of secondary wounding (e.g., external bark cracks, internal xylem necrosis and pathogen infection). Researchers assessed 233 injection sites on 22 green ash and 24 white ash trees macro-injected with a low or a medium-high rate of EB in 2008 only, or in both 2008 and 2009. Only 12 of 233 injection sites (5%) were associated with external bark cracks and there was no evidence of pathogen infection. On 39 of the 46 trees (85%), new xylem was growing over injection sites. Researchers assessed 274 injection sites on 15 green ash trees injected annually with EB from 2008 to 2013 or injected in 2008 and again in 2011. Bark cracks were associated with four injection sites on three trees, but no evidence of injury was found on the other 12 trees. All 15 trees had new xylem laid over injection sites. Confocal laser scanning and polarizing digital microscopy were used to assess the integrity of discolored xylem tissue removed from the immediate area surrounding 140 injection sites on 61 trees. Researchers found no evidence of decay associated with discoloration.

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Protection of Individual Ash Trees From Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) With Basal Soil Applications of Imidacloprid

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1603/ec09137 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

D. R. Smitley ◽

E. J. Rebek ◽

R. N. Royalty ◽

T. W. Davis ◽

K. F. Newhouse

Keyword(s):

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Ash Trees

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Record of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) in Ukraine is Confirmed

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10100338 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Drogvalenko ◽

Orlova-Bienkowskaja ◽

Bieńkowski

Keyword(s):

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

European Russia ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽

Ash Trees ◽

Boring Insect ◽

Wood Boring

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a devastating invasive pest of ash trees. This wood-boring insect is native to Asia and established in European Russia about 20 years ago. It severely damages Fraxinus pennsylvanica plantations and quickly spreads. In 2019 we first detected A. planipennis in Ukraine. More than 20 larvae were collected from under the bark of F. pennsylvanica trees on 5 September 2019 in the Markivka District of the Luhansk Region. The coordinates of the localities of collection were 49.614991 N, 39.559743 E; 49.614160 N, 39.572402 E; and 49.597043 N, 39.561811 E. The photos of the damaged trees with larval galleries, exit holes and larvae are presented. It indicates that A. planipennis is established in the east of Ukraine. This fact is important for development of quarantine protocols to prevent or at least slow the further spread of this invasive pest in Europe.

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpz049 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deborah G McCullough

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Ash Trees ◽

Invasion Impacts ◽

Individual Trees

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA in 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect in North America. This phloem-boring beetle has also invaded Moscow, Russia and continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European ash (Fraxinus spp.) species. This review summarizes EAB life history, including interspecific variation in host preference, invasion impacts and challenges of detecting new infestations and provides an overview of available management tactics. Advances in systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective and practical options both to protect individual trees and to slow EAB population growth and ash decline on an area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs of treating ash are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by the trees, reduce sociocultural impacts and conserve genetic diversity in areas invaded by EAB. Girdled ash trees are highly attractive to EAB adults in low-density populations and debarking small girdled trees to locate larval galleries is the most effective EAB detection method. An array of woodpeckers, native larval parasitoids and introduced parasitoids attack EAB life stages but mortality is highly variable. Area-wide management strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trees, girdled ash trap trees and biological control can be adapted for local conditions to slow and reduce EAB impacts.

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Estimates of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larval galleries in branch samples from asymptomatic urban ash trees (Oleaceae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2015.68 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 148 (3) ◽

pp. 361-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jean J. Turgeon ◽

Jeffrey G. Fidgen ◽

Krista L. Ryall ◽

Taylor A. Scarr

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

North America ◽

Surface Area ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

Significant Source ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Ash Trees

AbstractAgrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is causing extensive mortality of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) in North America. Once detected in an area, resource managers require methods to obtain estimates that could improve management decisions. We studied the within-crown and within-branch distribution and abundance of A. planipennis feeding galleries by sampling 3-m-long branches from asymptomatic urban ash trees and subdividing each branch into 12 sections of 25 cm each. We found galleries in all 12 sections of some, but not all, branches. Section was a significant source of variation in A. planipennis gallery density/m2 of branch surface area. A comparison of predictive power and efficiency of estimates for samples of increasing length, and for samples of the same length but consisting of different combinations of sections, revealed that those based on the two basal 25-cm sections of a branch from the lower-crown or mid-crown of an asymptomatic tree were less accurate and precise than those based on more sections, but were the most cost effective. Whittling more sections per branch, irrespective of the combinations of branch sections per length, improved predictive power but reduced cost effectiveness. We also observed that crown level was not important, and aspect was only marginally so, when estimating gallery abundance per sampled branch.

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Developing and integrating tactics to slow ash (Oleaceae) mortality caused by emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2015.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Deborah G. McCullough ◽

Rodrigo J. Mercader ◽

Nathan W. Siegert

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Field Studies ◽

Agrilus Planipennis ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Tree Age ◽

Project Area ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Ash Trees

AbstractPractical and effective strategies to manage emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae) are increasingly important given economic and ecological impacts of this invader. While EAB detection remains challenging, tactics are available to protect individual ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) trees and slow EAB population growth, thereby delaying ash mortality. Simulations with a coupled map lattice model, parameterised with data from numerous field studies, showed treating trees with a highly effective systemic insecticide (TREE-äge™; emamectin benzoate), would be more effective in slowing EAB population growth than girdling trees to attract ovipositing females then destroying trees before larvae develop, while harvesting ash to reduce available phloem would have the least effect. From 2008 to 2012, cooperators participated in a pilot project to implement an integrated strategy for an EAB infestation in Upper Michigan, United States of America. Ash was inventoried and EAB density monitored using girdled ash detection trees supplemented with baited artificial traps across the >750 km2 project area. While only a tiny fraction of ash trees in the project area were girdled (444–855 trees annually) or injected with TREE-äge™ (<360 roadside trees annually), and treatment distribution was restricted, both treatments slowed EAB population growth. Coupling TREE-äge™ injections with other tactics will likely yield additive or synergistic outcomes.

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