Surface influence upon vertical profiles in the atmospheric near-surface layer

1980 ◽  
Vol 106 (450) ◽  
pp. 803-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Garratt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Near Surface

THE RESULTS OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS BY THE WAVESCAN BUOY SYSTEM ON THE SOUTHWESTERN SHELF OF THE PETER THE GREAT BAY IN 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-31
Author(s):  
V. B. Lobanov ◽  
A. Yu. Lazaryuk ◽  
V. I. Ponomarev ◽  
A. F. Sergeev ◽  
E. V. Kustova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Mean Wave Period

For the first time, the long-term measurements of meteorological and oceanographic characteristics were measured using the anchored autonomous complex of the WaveScan buoy on the Southwestern shelf of the Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) from 21 April to 23 December 2016. The buoy anchor was set at 50 m depth. During 10 minutes of each hour, meteorological characteristics of the near surface layer of the atmosphere, sea water temperature at the horizon of 1.5 m, and vertical profiles of the current velocity vector from the near-surface layer to the near-bottom one were measured with resolution 4 m. During 20 minutes of each hour, the characteristics of waves on the sea surface were measured. In General, most of the meteorological characteristics measured on the buoy are in good agreement with the data of the NCEP-DOE AMIP-II, ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis. The significant wave height for the whole frequency belt, mean wave period and mean spectral direction from the WaveScan Buoy measurements have the best statistical relationship, confidence level is 99%, with the correspondent significant height of the waves, mean wave period and mean spectral wave direction from reanalysis ERA5. The features of variability of vertical profiles of the current velocity vector on the synoptic and seasonal time scales that depend on wind speed and vertical stratification of density are determined. In the warm season the a significant left turn of the vector of the measured current velocity with depth is observed in the seasonal pycnocline below the surface layer of friction. At wind speed, not exceeding 5 m/s, the angle of the current velocity vector left turn reaches 170° in the bottom layer, where countercurrent is formed. During the passage of the Lionrock tropical cyclone, when and the daily mean wind velocity increase to 9 m/s, the angle of left turn of the current velocity vector in the pycnocline decreases to 20°. In the cold season a classic right turn of the current velocity vector is observed in the upper boundary layer, and the vertically average velocity vector within the 50 m layer, as well as the total drift flow in the Ekman friction layer, deviate 90° to the right from the surface wind velocity vector. The left turn of the current velocity vector at the buoy installation point was not observed in the cold season.

Recombination Characteristics of Single-Crystalline Silicon Wafers with a Damaged Near-Surface Layer

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Sachenko ◽  
◽  
V.P. Kostylev ◽  
V.G. Litovchenko ◽  
V.G. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Single Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Single Crystalline

scholarly journals Enhanced Diffusion of Dopants in Vacancy Supersaturation Produced by MeV Implantation

1997 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Venezia ◽  
T. E. Haynes ◽  
A. Agarwal ◽  
H. -J. Gossmann ◽  
D. J. Eaglesham
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Float Zone ◽  
Transient Enhanced Diffusion

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of Sb and B markers has been studied in vacancy supersaturations produced by MeV Si implantation in float zone (FZ) silicon and bonded etch-back silicon-on-insulator (BESOI) substrates. MeV Si implantation produces a vacancy supersaturated near-surface region and an interstitial-rich region at the projected ion range. Transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of Sb in the near surface layer was observed as a result of a 2 MeV Si+, 1×1016/cm2, implant. A 4× larger TED of Sb was observed in BESOI than in FZ silicon, demonstrating that the vacancy supersaturation persists longer in BESOI than in FZ. B markers in samples with MeV Si implant showed a factor of 10× smaller diffusion relative to markers without the MeV Si+ implant. This data demonstrates that a 2 MeV Si+ implant injects vacancies into the near surface region.

Physical properties and spatial distribution of the sea ice surface layer (SSL/snow) during the autumn phase of the MOSAiC expedition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzica Dadic ◽  
Martin Schneebeli ◽  
Henna-Reeta Hannula ◽  
Amy Macfarlane ◽  
Roberta Pirazzini
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Scattering ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Scattering Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ice Surface

<p>Snow cover dominates the thermal and optical properties of sea ice and the energy fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere, yet data on the physical properties of snow and its effects on sea ice are limited. This lack of data leads to two significant problems: 1) significant biases in model representations of the sea ice cover and the processes that drive it, and 2) large uncertainties in how sea ice influences the global energy budget and the coupling of climate feedback. The  MOSAiC research initiative enabled the most extensive data collection of snow and surface scattering layer (SSL) properties over sea ice to date. During leg 5 of the MOSAiC expedition, we collected multi-scale (microscale to 100-m scale) measurements of the surface layer (snow/SSL) over first year ice (FYI) and MYI on a daily basis. The ultimate goal of our measurements is to determine the spatial distribution of physical properties of the surface layer. During leg 5 of the MOSAiC expedition, that surface layer changed from the  surface scattering layer (SSL),   characteristic for the melt season, to an early autumn snow pack. Here,  we will present data showing both a) the physical properties and the spatial distribution of the SSL during the late melt season and b) the transition of the sea ice surface from the SSL to the fresh autumn snowpack. The structural properties of this transition period are poorly documented, and this season is critical  for the initialization of sea ice and snow models. Furthermore, these data are crucial to interpret simultaneous observations of surface energy fluxes, surface optical and remote sensing data (microwave signals in particular), near-surface biochemical activity, and to understand the sea ice  processes that occur as the sea ice transitions from melting to freezing.</p>

Deepening of domains at e-beam writing on the -Z surface of lithium niobate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kokhanchik ◽  
Evgenii Emelin ◽  
Vadim Vladimirovch Sirotkin ◽  
Alexander Svintsov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Sign Inversion

Abstract The focus of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the domains created by electron beam (e-beam) in a surface layer of congruent lithium niobate, which comparable to a depth of electron beam charge penetration. Direct e-beam writing (DEBW) of different domain structures with a scanning electron microscope was performed on the polar -Z cut. Accelerating voltage 15 kV and e-beam current 100 pA were applied. Different patterns of local irradiated squares were used to create domain structures and single domains. No domain contrast was observed by the PFM technique. Based on chemical etching, it was found that the vertices of the domains created do not reach the surface level. The average deepening of the domain vertices was several hundred nanometers and varied depending on the irradiation dose and the location of the irradiated areas (squares) relative to each other. Computer simulation was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of the electric field in the various irradiated patterns. The deepening was explained by the fact that in the near-surface layer there is a sign inversion of the normal component of the electric field strength vector, which controls the domain formation during DEBW. Thus, with the help of e-beam, domains were created completely located in the bulk, in contrast to the domains that are nucleated on the surface of the -Z cut during the polarization inversion with AFM tip. The detected deepening of e-beam domains suggests the possibility of creating the “head-to-head” domain walls in the near-surface layer lithium niobate by DEBW.

Transport Characteristics of the Near-Surface Layer of the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
V. Reshetnyk ◽  
Yu. Skorov ◽  
M. Vasyuta ◽  
M. Bentley ◽  
L. Rezac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Comet 67P

Modification of the near surface layer of carbon steels with intense argon and nitrogen plasma pulses

Vacuum ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sartowska ◽  
J. Piekoszewski ◽  
L. Waliś ◽  
W. Szymczyk ◽  
J. Stanisławski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Near Surface

Surface and Near-Surface Atom Dynamics During Low Energy Xe Ion Bombardment of Si and Fcc Surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. R. Murty ◽  
H. S. Lee ◽  
Harry A. Atwater
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Ion Bombardment ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Defect Production ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Atom Dynamics

ABSTRACTSurface and near-surface processes have been studied during low energy Xe ion bombardment of Si (001) and fcc surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. Defect production is enhanced near the surface of smooth Si (001) surfaces with respect to the bulk in the energy range 20–150 eV, but is not confined exclusively to the surface layer. The extent and qualitative nature of bombardment-induced dissociation of small fcc islands on an otherwise smooth fcc (001) surface is found to depend strongly on island cohesive energy.

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