Determination of some descriptors of the real world working on the fundamental identity of the basic concept and the origin of the electronegativity and the global hardness of atoms. Part 2: Computation of the dipole moments of some heteronuclear diatomic

The electronegativity and the hardness are two different fundamental descriptors of atoms and molecules, and this chapter describes how the authors have logistically discovered the commonality between the heuristic and basic philosophical structures of their origin and also the manifestation in the real world. Also, the chapter demonstrates that the physical hardness and the chemical hardness with evolution of time have converged to one and the same general principle– the hardness. The authors also try to expose the physical basis and operational significance of another very important descriptor–the electronegativity. The chapter also explores whether the hardness equalization principle can be conceived analogous to the well established electronegativity equalization principle. The authors hypothesize that the electronegativity and the absolute hardness are two different appearances of the one and the same fundamental property of atoms, and the Hardness Equalization Principle can be equally conceived like the electronegativity equalization principle. To test this hypothesis, the authors have made several comparative studies by evaluating some well known chemico-physical descriptors of the real world, such as hetero nuclear bond distances, dipole charges, and dipole moments of molecules. The detailed comparative study suggests that the paradigm of the hardness equalization principle may be another law of nature like the established electronegativity equalization principle.

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Biomarker testing strategies in non-small cell lung cancer in the real-world setting: analysis of methods in the Prospective Central Lung Cancer Biomarker Registry (LungPath) from the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP)

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2021-208034 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jclinpath-2021-208034

Author(s):

Javier Martín-López ◽

Federico Rojo ◽

Antonio Martínez-Pozo ◽

Teresa Hernández-Iglesias ◽

David Carcedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Real World ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

The Real ◽

Biomarker Testing ◽

Lung Cancer Biomarker

AimsThe aim of this study is to extend the analysis of the Lung Cancer Biomarker Testing Registry (LungPath), by analysing the techniques used in the determination of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) for the diagnostic of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsInformation of the technique used for the determination of EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1 was recorded from March 2018 to January 2019 from 44 centres, but only 34 centres matched with the 38 centres previously analysed, allowing to analyse the techniques used in 8970 matched determinations of EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1. Therefore, a by-centre analysis studied the level of implementation of the techniques in the 44 centres, while a by-determination analysis made it possible to assess the overall frequency of the techniques used on the 9134 matched samples.ResultsBy-centre analysis showed that only 46.5% and 25.6% of the centres used reflex strategies for ALK and ROS1 determination, respectively. By-determination analysis showed that 94.4% of EGFR determinations were performed by PCR, 80.7% of ALK determinations were performed by IHC with clone D5F3, while 55.7% of ROS1 determinations were performed by IHC with clone D4D6. 22C3 were the PD-L1 clone more used (43.5%) followed by SP263 clone (31.1%).ConclusionsThe real-world evidence obtained from LungPath shows the effort of Spanish hospitals in performing biomarker determination in NSCLC with different methodologies despite that next-generation sequencing (NGS) utilisation in the year of the analysis was low. Biomarker determination results could be optimised with the incorporation of sequencing methods such as NGS in pathology departments.

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Simulating the «Law of Supply» Formulation to Evaluate Its Accuracy

Scientific Research and Development Economics of the Firm ◽

10.12737/5996 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 45-58

Author(s):

Юсим ◽

Vyacheslav Yusim

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Economic Science ◽

The Real ◽

Price Growth ◽

The Law

The paper shows, why frequently occuring phenomenon of supply growth as a consequence of price growth should not be considered a manifestation of the Law of Supply. Further the author provides evidence, that business companies should not base their practices on the so-called “Law of Supply” because of its invalidity. To find out, why Economic science has adopted and up to now continues to back and promote the concept, expressed by the Law of Supply, the author makes an attempt to simulate the very process, through which the Law of Supply was coined, and to reveal the real reasons of its adoption. After investigating various ideas and hypotheses put forward by economists to prove the Law of Supply accuracy, the paper concludes, that the Law of Supply introduction to the domain of Economic science can be explained by nothing else, but determination of he, who has formulated the Law, to provide relevant arguments explaining the phenomenon of market economy equilibrium, notwithstanding the inconsistency of the Law itself with real-world practice.

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Domanda di inflazione come «bene pubblico» e regimi di indicizzazione dei redditi*

Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice ◽

10.1332/251569298x15668907117174 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 159-171

Author(s):

Mario Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Public Good ◽

Real World ◽

Decision Process ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Free Riding ◽

Political Decision ◽

The Real ◽

Inflation Tax ◽

Natural Way

Abstract The traditional approach to inflation as a tax does not take any account of the state of indexation of the economy, as if universal «implicit» indexation of individual incomes to inflation by adjustment of inflationary expectations prevailed. This article shows that if - as is the case in much of the real world today - explicit indexation through wage escalator clauses and the like is sufficiently widespread but does not cover all individuals in the economy, then it may become feasible and attractive for a coalition of voters to pass inflationary budgets. Since budget choices and the determination of the associated inflation tax are outcomes of a collective (political) decision process while indexation is privately negotiated in the market, indexed voters may try to make non-indexed voters pay the bill of budget benefits to themselves through the inflation tax. Inflation thus becomes a peculiar, negative public good with a private exit: the inflation tax can now be individually avoided through indexation, and a demand for inflation in the literal meaning can manifest itself through the electoral process. Various properties of this perverse budget-inflation game are discussed, showing that the only natural way out of it appears to be universal indexation, which would eliminate the incentive to free-riding behavior by the indexed voters, though at some transitional cost to society.

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Gender and Theatrical Realism: The Problem of Clyde Fitch

The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era ◽

10.1017/s1537781400000748 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 325-352

Author(s):

David Sehat

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Real World ◽

Close Connection ◽

Literary Value ◽

The Real ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Scholarly Attention

Clyde Fitch was the most famous playwright of the early twentieth century, but today no one studies him. The disconnect between his fame in his lifetime and his obscurity after death points to a major historiographical problem, a problem that began in Fitch's own day. Fitch's numerous contemporary critics, many of whom were early proponents of theatrical realism, criticized his plays as effeminate, bound by the narrow conventions of the legitimate theater that relied on women as its predominant patrons. By contrast, realism, as the critics under-stood it, was masculine, bringing the gritty reality of what contemporary commentators regarded as the real world to the stage. Criticizing Fitch's feminine dramatic sensibilities became a way of prodding him toward a strained realism in his own plays. Fitch's story illustrates the close connection of realism to the gendered hierarchy that became an unconscious element in the determination of literary value. In dismissing Fitch as worthy of scholarly attention, current theatrical historians have followed Fitch's contemporary critics. Even as they have eviscerated the gendered standards of the early twentieth century, present-day scholars have retained the critical judgments and the generic categories that the gendered standards produced.

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Reflections: A Lesson in Related Rates

Mathematics Teacher ◽

10.5951/mt.89.5.0390 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 390-393

Author(s):

Joe D. Nichols

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Advanced Placement ◽

Real World ◽

Basic Concept ◽

First Year ◽

General Application ◽

The Real ◽

Calculus Students ◽

Real World Applications

My objective in teaching an Advanced Placement calculus course is not only to help students pass the AP examination each spring but also to help them develop insights into advanced problem solving and real-world applications. I continually search for examples in my students' daily environment that can help them make a tangible connection from the classroom textbook to the real world. In this article, I discuss a general application of a basic concept with which all first-year-calculus students must contend: the problem of related rates.

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THE DETERMINATION OF DRIVING CHARACTERISTICS OF HANOI BUS SYSTEM AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE EMISSION

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/0866-708x/55/1/8398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Yen Lien ◽

Nghiem Trung Dung

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Driving Cycle ◽

Gps Data ◽

The Real ◽

Mobile Sources ◽

Update Rate ◽

Ive Model ◽

Bus System

A GPS with the update rate of 1 Hz was used to collect the real–world driving data of the five bus routes of Hanoi, namely No. 9, 18, 25, 32 and 33, on weekdays and weekends. GPS data were processed and used to simulate the emission by IVE model. The driving characteristics of Hanoi bus system and their impacts on the emission were determined. Results obtained shown that the real –world driving characteristics are different from area to area and affect the emissions of vehicles. This paper, therefore, reconfirms the necessarity of the development of the typical driving cycle before conducting the emission inventory for mobile sources.

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The image of a teenage girl in Chuck Palahniuk’s novel “Cursed”

Litera ◽

10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.33068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-43

Author(s):

Inna Aleksandrovna Kurakova

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

Real World ◽

Literary Analysis ◽

The Novel ◽

Teenage Girl ◽

Dual Nature ◽

The Real ◽

Chuck Palahniuk ◽

Inner World

The goal of this research is determination of specificity of the image of the heroine in the novel by a contemporary American writer Chuck Palahniuk “Cursed”. The article analyzes such aspects as the inner world of the character, relationship with parents, agemates and society in the two contrasting words: real world, during the lifetime of the heroine, and surreal, in hell, after her death. Detailed description of the character allows seeing two different guises of the heroine, while application of literary analysis allows analyzing the traits of the protagonist and place within the system of artistic world of Chuck Palahniuk’s prose. The paper presents a review of scientific pursuits of the Russian and foreign scholars dealing with the works of Chuck Palahniuk. The novelty of this research consists in determination of dual nature of the image of a teenager reflected in the two-world realm created by C. Palahniuk. The analysis demonstrated that in to contrasting worlds, the image of a teenager transforms and manifests differently. In the real world, it is a modest girl, with multiple feelings of inferiority, who has complicated relationships with parents and surrounding people. In the surreal world, she attains new traits, such as authoritativeness, courage, ability to maintain friendships. The conclusion is made that that Chuck Palahniuk creates two images of the heroine. Paradox lies in the fact that an unsuccessful individual in a real world becomes successful in the afterlife. Practical value of this article is defined by its contribution into the theory of literary image, particularly, future development of the methodology for studying the image of the character in transgressive prose.

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Lighting parameter restoration method in mixed reality systems

Keldysh Institute Preprints ◽

10.20948/prepr-2021-12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Andrew Fedorovich Lemeshev ◽

Dmitry Dmitrievich Zhdanov ◽

Boris Khaimovich Barladyan

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Virtual World ◽

Mixed Reality ◽

Light Sources ◽

Effective Solution ◽

The Real ◽

Virtual Objects ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Restoration Method

The paper deals with the problem of visual perception discomfort inherent in mixed reality systems, more precisely, the determination of the lighting parameters of the objects of the virtual world, corresponding to the lighting conditions of the real world, into which the virtual objects are embedded. The paper proposes an effective solution to the problem of reconstructing the coordinates of a light source from an RGBD image of the real world. A detailed description of the algorithm and the results of a numerical experiment on reconstructing the coordinates of light sources in a model scene are given. The accuracy of coordinate recovery is analyzed and the limitations of the method are considered, associated with the inaccuracy of determining the boundaries of objects and their shadows, as well as the lack of interconnected areas of the boundaries of objects and their shadows in the RGBD image of the scene.

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