In Situ Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of Material Stability and Interface Dynamics in Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications

Small Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2100322
Author(s):  
Sahar Pishgar ◽  
Saumya Gulati ◽  
Jacob M. Strain ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Matthew C. Mulvehill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Interface Dynamics ◽  
Material Stability

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

scholarly journals Sensors and instruments for oceanic dissolved carbon measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schuster ◽  
A. Hannides ◽  
L. Mintrop ◽  
A. Körtzinger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Temporal Coverage ◽  
Manual Mode

Abstract. Highly accurate and precise measurements of marine carbon components are required in the study of the marine carbon cycle, particularly when investigating the causes for its variability from seasonal to interannual timescales. This is especially true in the investigation of the consequences of anthropogenic influences. The analysis of any component requires elaborate instrumentation, most of which is currently used onboard ships, either in manual mode or autonomous mode. Technological developments result in more and more instruments that have long-term reliability so that they can be deployed on surface moorings and buoys, whilst the great technological and operational challenges mean that only few sensors have been developed that can be used for sub-surface in situ measurements on floats, robots, or gliders. There is a special need for autonomous instruments and sensors that are able to measure a combination of different components, in order to increase the spatial and temporal coverage of marine carbon data. This paper describes analytical techniques used for the detection of the marine dissolved carbon components, both inorganic and organic: the fugacity of CO2, total dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon. By pointing out advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of the techniques employed in the analysis of each component, we aim to aid non-carbon marine scientists, sensor developers and technologists, in the decision where to tackle the challenges of further development.

scholarly journals Worth a Closer Look: Raman Spectra of Lead-Pipe Scale

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Jill Dill Pasteris ◽  
Yeunook Bae ◽  
Daniel E. Giammar ◽  
Sydney N. Dybing ◽  
Claude H. Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Water System ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Fiber Optic Probes ◽  
Lead Pipe ◽  
Lead Pipes ◽  
Non Destructive

The identification and characterization of lead-bearing and associated minerals in scales on lead pipes are essential to understanding and predicting the mobilization of lead into drinking water. Despite its long-recognized usefulness in the unambiguous identification of crystalline and amorphous solids, distinguishing between polymorphic phases, and rapid and non-destructive analysis on the micrometer spatial scale, the Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique has been applied only occasionally in the analysis of scales in lead service lines (LSLs). This article illustrates multiple applications of RS not just for the identification of phases, but also compositional and structural characterization of scale materials in harvested lead pipes and experimental pipe-loop/recirculation systems. RS is shown to be a sensitive monitor of these characteristics through analyses on cross-sections of lead pipes, raw interior pipe walls, particulates captured in filters, and scrapings from pipes. RS proves to be especially sensitive to the state of crystallinity of scale phases (important to their solubility) and to the specific chemistry of phases precipitated upon the introduction of orthophosphate to the water system. It can be used effectively alone as well as in conjunction with more standard analytical techniques. By means of fiber-optic probes, RS has potential for in situ, real-time analysis within water-filled pipes.

scholarly journals A Review of In Situ Isotopic Studies of the Oklo and Bangombé Natural Fission Reactors Using Microbeam Analytical Techniques

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Laser Probe ◽  
The Past ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Reactor Materials ◽  
Fission Reactors

Isotopic analyses of elements in the natural reactor materials have often been performed to understand the distribution behaviors of the fission products and to evaluate the function of nuclear reactions since the first discovery of a natural reactor in 1972. Several types of unique microminerals, including significant amounts of fission products, have been found in and around the Oklo and the Bangombé natural reactors. In the past two decades, microbeam techniques using ion and laser probe facilities have been effectively applied for the in situ isotopic analyses of individual microminerals to investigate the migration behaviors of fissiogenic radioisotopes produced in the reactors. This paper presents a review of interpretations of the isotopic results of microminerals found in and around the natural reactors.

In situ X-ray spectromicroscopy study of bipolar plate material stability for nano-fuel-cells with ionic-liquid electrolyte

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 2456-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Bozzini ◽  
Claudio Mele ◽  
Alessandra Gianoncelli ◽  
Burkhard Kaulich ◽  
Maya Kiskinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Plate Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Material Stability

In situ analytical techniques for battery interface analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok M. Tripathi ◽  
Wei-Nien Su ◽  
Bing Joe Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Interface Analysis

Interface is a key to high performance and safe lithium-ion batteries or lithium batteries.

scholarly journals Fluorophores from fungi

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Veal ◽  
Philip Bell ◽  
Hayley Brown ◽  
Hung-Yoon Choi ◽  
Peter Karuso
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Differential Display ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Fluorescence has many advantages over traditional colour and radioactive labels, and is playing an increasingly important role in the most powerful analytical techniques. For example, fluorescence is at the heart of many nucleic acid based diagnostics (e.g. DNA microarray, real time-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, etc), immunofluorescence assays, defined substrate technologies and differential display proteomics and is gradually replacing or complementing other techniques based on colour or radiolabels.

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