Fractionated volatile solids for understanding thermophilic pretreatment of waste activated sludge at 55, 65, and 75°C

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Hirmiz ◽  
Younggy Kim
1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P. C. Warner ◽  
G. A. Ekama ◽  
G v. R. Marais

The laboratory scale experimental investigation comprised a 6 day sludge age activated sludge process, the waste sludge of which was fed to a number of digesters operated as follows: single reactor flow through digesters at 4 or 6 days sludge age, under aerobic and anoxic-aerobic conditions (with 1,5 and 4 h cycle times) and 3-in-series flow through aerobic digesters each at 4 days sludge age; all digesters were fed draw-and-fill wise once per day. The general kinetic model for the aerobic activated sludge process set out by Dold et al., (1980) and extended to the anoxic-aerobic process by van Haandel et al., (1981) simulated accurately all the experimental data (Figs 1 to 4) without the need for adjusting the kinetic constants. Both theoretical simulations and experimental data indicate that (i) the rate of volatile solids destruction is not affected by the incorporation of anoxic cycles and (ii) the specific denitrification rate is independent of sludge age and is K4T = 0,046(l,029)(T-20) mgNO3-N/(mg active VSS. d) i.e. about 2/3 of that in the secondary anoxic of the single sludge activated sludge stystem. An important consequence of (i) and (ii) above is that denitrification can be integrated easily in the steady state digester model of Marais and Ekama (1976) and used for design (Warner et al., 1983).


1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Han ◽  
Shihwu Sung ◽  
Richard R. Dague

The temperature-phased anaerobic bioreactor (TPAB) has been under study by Dague and co-workers at Iowa State University. The temperature-phased approach involves a two-stage reactor system with the first stage operated at a thermophilic temperature (commonly 55°C) and the second stage operated at a mesophilic temperature (commonly 35°C). The purpose of laboratory study was to compare the performance of the temperature-phased system with the conventional single-stage mesophilic system for treating mixtures of primary and waste activated sludge. Of particular interest in the research was a comparison of the two systems from the standpoint of coliform reduction, volatile solids (VS) destruction, and biogas production. The temperature-phased system achieved complete destruction of total and fecal coliforms over a range of SRTs from 11 to 28 days. The concentration of fecal coliforms in the effluent from the temperature-phased system never exceeded 1000 MPN/g total solids (TS), which can meet the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 (40 CFR), Part 503 coliform requirements for Class A sludge. At the optimal SRTs ranging from 11 to 17 days, the capacity of VS removal of temperature-phased system was more than double that of the conventional single-stage system. The foaming problem associated with the digestion of waste activated sludge was eliminated.


2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Novak ◽  
Chang Min Park

The addition of iron or aluminium into activated sludge basins for phosphorus removal is likely to impact both the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process and the generation of odor-causing compounds following digestion and dewatering. In this study, the impact of iron and aluminium addition on digestion and odor-causing compounds was investigated by using batch digestion of combined primary and waste activated sludge. It was found that aluminium addition resulted in a decrease in volatile solids destruction by anaerobic digestion of approximately 2%. Of the 7 sludges tested, 5 showed a small increase in volatile solids destruction after iron addition. With regard to the generation of organic sulfur odors from the dewatered sludge cakes, both iron and aluminium reduced odor-causing gases except for one sludge that had already received iron for phosphorus control in the full-scale process. It appears that iron and aluminium addition will benefit odor control.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2816-2820
Author(s):  
M.N.I. Siddique ◽  
M.F. Ahmad

Anaerobic bio-digestibility of blend municipal sewage sludge (MSS), condensed waste activated sludge (CWAS) and petrochemical wastewater (PWW) has been evaluated utilizing semi-continuous operation, anaerobic reactors worked during mesophilic (37 ºC) and thermophilic (55 ºC) states. Supplementation of a significant PWW portion (49 % of VS) in an MSS + CWAS combination brought about 2.94 times more methane production, 153 versus 450 mL/g volatile solids (VS) under 37 ºC furthermore 2.59 times more methane production, 198 versus 513 mL/g VS under 55 ºC. The supplemented PWW portion might have been not inhibitory for the system. Those effects of this work show the profit from municipal sewage sludge, condensed waste activated sludge and petrochemical wastewater co-digestion.


1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna R. Pagilla ◽  
Kent C. Craney ◽  
Wendell H. Kido

Full scale anaerobic digesters treating mixed sludge containing primary sludge and thickened waste activated sludge were investigated for causes and effects of foaming. Sludge samples were collected from different depths of two full scale digesters, one gas-mixed, and the other mechanically-mixed, to determine the extent of foaming and its effects on anaerobic digestion; both digesters were fed the same feed sludge (3.4% TS) and at the same feed rate (about 2.2 kg TS/m3.day). The average depth of the surface foam layer in the gas-mixed and mechanically-mixed digester were 2.4 and 1.3 m respectively. Higher total solids concentrations were found at the surface (about 5% TS) than those found at the bottom (about 2% TS) in both gas-mixed and mechanically-mixed digesters, indicating an inverse total solids profile. Presence of excessive levels of Nocardia filaments (>106 number/g VSS) in the activated sludge caused thicker foam layer at the surface, and this effect was more pronounced in the gas-mixed digester than in the mechanically-mixed digester. Gas-mixed digester (0.74 m3/kg VS destroyed) produced less sludge gas than the mechanically-mixed digester (0.93 m3/kg VS destroyed), however, gas-mixed digester (62% VS reduction) destroyed more volatile solids than the mechanically-mixed digester (54% VS reduction). These results indicate that gas-mixed digesters are more prone to foaming than mechanically-mixed digesters, and that the foaming can increase when excessive levels of Nocardia filaments are present in the feed sludge causing decreased digester performance.


2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Dagnew ◽  
Wayne J. Parker ◽  
Peter Seto

The increased interest in biomass energy provides incentive for the development of efficient and high throughput digesters such as anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) to stabilize waste activated sludge (WAS). This paper presents the results of a pilot and short term filtration study that was conducted to assess the performance of AnMBRs when treating WAS at a 15 day hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 30 day sludge retention time (SRT) in comparison to two conventional digesters running at 15 (BSR-15) and 30 days (BSR-30) HRT/SRT. At steady state, the AnMBR digester showed a slightly higher volatile solids (VS) destruction of 48% in comparison to 44% and 35.3% for BSR-30 and BSR-15, respectively. The corresponding values of specific methane production were 0.32, 0.28 and 0.21 m3 CH4/kg of VS fed. Stable membrane operation at an average flux of 40 ± 3.6 LM−2 H−1 (LMH) was observed when the digester was fed with a polymer-dosed thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and digester total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were less than 15 gL−1. Above this solids concentration a flux decline to 24.1 ± 2.0 LM−2 H−1 was observed. Short term filtration tests conducted using sludge fractions of a 9.7 and 17.1 gL−1 TSS sludge indicated 84 and 70% decline in filtration performance to be associated with the supernatant fraction of the sludge. At a higher sludge concentration, the introduction of unique fouling control strategy to tubular membranes, a relaxed mode of operation (i.e. 5 minutes permeation and 1 minute relaxation by) significantly increased the flux from 23.8 ± 1.1 to 37.8 ± 2.3 LMH for a neutral membrane and from 25.7 ± 1.1 to 44.9 ± 2.9 LMH for a negatively charged membrane. The study clearly indicates that it is technically feasible to employ AnMBRs to achieve a substantial reduction in digester volumes.


1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Yub Hwang ◽  
Eung-Bai Shin ◽  
Hong-Bok Choi

This study evaluated the effectiveness of sewage pretreatment as it affected the subsequent anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). The key to this sludge pretreatment process was that microorganism cells within WAS were ruptured by mechanical jet and smash under pressurized conditions, 5–50 bar pressure. Cell rupture was estimated by soluble protein concentration (SPC) because the cytoplasm of microorganisms is mainly composed of protein. The SPC in the WAS varied significantly before and after pretreatment. In particular, cell rupture increased from 6% to 43% with the increase of the pretreated pressure (5–30bar), volatile solids concentration and thickening time of WAS. In the WAS pretreatment with long-thickening time (12h < thickening time ≤ 48h), cell rupture was monitored 5–10 % higher than short-thickening time (Oh <thickening time ≤ 12h). Generally, it was observed that higher anaerobic digestion efficiencies of WAS could be obtained according to the increase of microorganism cell rupture through mechanical pretreatment of WAS.


1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
D.F. Carr ◽  
J. Ganczarczyk

Abstract Activated sludge samples from two Toronto sewage treatment plants were subjected to the extraction of exocellular material by means of 9 different methods suggested for this purpose. Some of those methods, originally developed for pure bacterial cultures, were modified for the application to activated sludge. The amount of exocellular material obtained varied for Lakeview sludges from 0.4 to 3.2% of their dry volatile solids, and for Humber sludges from 0.3 to 5.3%. It has been found that extractions by the use of sulphuric acid, high-speed centrifugation and sodium hydroxide, were not suitable for the studied material. Especially surprising was the ineffectiveness of high-speed centrifugation to yield any measurable amounts of extract. The boiling water extraction is recommended for further studies on activated sludge exocellular material. The material extracted from activated sludge is very complex in nature. Generally more polysaccharide than protein was extracted, but the remaining volatile material may form up to 70% of the dry weight.


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Roger Paradis ◽  
Abderrahmane Dermoune ◽  
Scott F. McKay ◽  
Dany Sarrazin Sullivan

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