Links. Relating Different Physical Systems Through the Common QFT Algebraic Structure

This paper undertakes a systematic review (SR) on distributed estimation techniques applied to cyber-physical systems (CPS). Even though SRs are not the common way to survey a theme in the control community, they provide a rigorous, robust and objective formula that should not be always ignored. The presented SR incorporates and adapts the guidelines recommended in other fields (mainly biosciences and computer sciences) to the field of automation and control and presents a brief description of the different phases that constitute an SR. As a result, this review compares the different techniques found in the literature in terms of: The proposed estimator (Kalman filter, Luenberger observer, Bayesian filter, etc.), the particular application within CPS, the design of the estimators (decentralized vs centralized), the amount of data required for implementation or the inclusion of experiments/simulations in the studies. Particular attention is paid to those papers that present some results in applications that include humans, animals or biological systems.

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Alternative Entropy Measures and Generalized Khinchin–Shannon Inequalities

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23121618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 1618

Author(s):

Rubem P. Mondaini ◽

Simão C. de Albuquerque Neto

Keyword(s):

Information Theory ◽

Algebraic Structure ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Special Cases ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

The Rich ◽

Two Parameter

The Khinchin–Shannon generalized inequalities for entropy measures in Information Theory, are a paradigm which can be used to test the Synergy of the distributions of probabilities of occurrence in physical systems. The rich algebraic structure associated with the introduction of escort probabilities seems to be essential for deriving these inequalities for the two-parameter Sharma–Mittal set of entropy measures. We also emphasize the derivation of these inequalities for the special cases of one-parameter Havrda–Charvat’s, Rényi’s and Landsberg–Vedral’s entropy measures.

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The Applications of Intelligent System Technologies in Service Processes

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.d1791.029420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2276-2283

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Intelligent System ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Service Companies ◽

Service Areas ◽

Related Service ◽

The Common ◽

The Internet Of Things

Intelligent systems are commonly used to perform routine and complex tasks in various environments and create smart environments. These systems combine artificial intelligence and other advanced analytics techniques like machine learning, natural language processing, etc. with other technologies including the internet of things, cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, augmented reality, virtual reality, blockchain, 3D printing, etc. Nevertheless, fewer studies have been reported about the applications of these technologies in service processes unlike in manufacturing processes. The study aims to investigate the common applications of intelligent systems technologies in service processes regarding views of experts from companies in several service areas. Actual data are collected with the semi-structured interviews with experts for the investigation. Respondents were selected from directors, executives, or managers considering the heterogeneity and whether they can give a relevant response about the applications of intelligent system technologies in service processes. The collected data are thematically analyzed. The data were transcribed, reduced, rearranged under technology and service categories, and synthesized for obtaining the related applications. The study presents the findings of applications of intelligent system technologies under the related service and technology categories. The findings are analyzed, and first, the functions of intelligent system technologies in service processes are described and then, the common and rare service processes where intelligent system technologies are given as a result of the analysis. The results can contribute to literature providing a better understanding of applications of intelligent system technologies in service processes for future studies. In practice, the results can help to service companies that need the applications of these technologies to be able to stay competitive.

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Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Multi-Aspect Interaction With Cyber Physical Systems

Volume 1B: 35th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2015-47243 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Imre Horváth ◽

Junfeng Wang

Keyword(s):

Interaction Design ◽

Cyber Physical Systems ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Human System ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Comprehensive Theory ◽

The Common ◽

New Challenges ◽

Aspect Interaction ◽

Open Issues

Interaction with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is a new challenge for system developers and human-system interaction designers, and but also for end-users. Due to the lack of proper insights, there are many unknowns, open issues, and eventually new challenges. For this reason, there is a need for a comprehensive theory that considers all aspects of interaction with CPSs, provides a reasoning framework, and facilitates the implementation of highly interactive CPSs. The research presented in this paper tries to make the first steps in this direction. We are aware of the fact that, in the case of CPSs, system-human interaction and system-system interaction are to be considered besides human-system interaction. Human-system interaction influenced by: (i) the level of interaction, (ii) the intellectual domains of interaction, (iii) the contexts of interaction, and (iv) the modalities of interaction. The proposed theory decomposes these into various constituents and captures the relations among them. Physical, syntactic, semantic, semantic, pragmatic and apobetic levels of interaction are considered in combination with four domains of interaction (perceptive, cognitive, motor, and emotional). In addition to the common human interaction modalities (visual, audio, haptic, etc.), the theory also considers system communication channels. It is claimed that interaction is also influenced by the implicit context implied by the specific objectives of interaction, i.e., cooperation, coordination, collaboration of coadunation, and not only by the explicit context provided by narrower and broader embedding environments of CPSs. The theory establishes explicit relationships between the above mentioned influencing factors, which are important at specifying wishful interaction profiles. The advantages that the proposed comprehensive theory offers in comparison with the traditional interaction design approaches are shown through the example of a smart bathroom.

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Mathematical Modeling in Materials Science and Engineering

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s0883769400038793 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Julian Szekely

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Systems Analysis ◽

Solid Mechanics ◽

Materials Science ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Physical Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Modeling Techniques ◽

Materials Science And Engineering ◽

The Common

During the past two decades, mathematical modeling has been gaining acceptance as a legitimate part of materials science and engineering. However, as common to all relatively new disciplines, we still lack a realistic perspective regarding the uses, limitations, and even the optimal methodologies of mathematical modeling techniques.The term “mathematical modeling” covers a broad range of activities, including molecular dynamics, other atomistic scale systems, continuum fluid and solid mechanics, deformation processing, systems analysis, input-output models, and lifecycle analyses. The common point is that we use algebraic expressions or differential equations to represent physical systems to varying degrees of approximation and then manipulate these equations, using computers, to obtain graphical output.While it is becoming an accepted fact that some kind of mathematical modeling will be needed to make most research programs complete, there is still considerable ambiguity as to what form this should take and what might be the actual usefulness of such an effort.Among the more seasoned and successful practitioners of this art, clear guidelines have emerged regarding the uses and limitations of the mathematical modeling approach. We seek to illustrate these uses through the successful modeling examples presented by some leading practitioners. Some general principles may be worth repeating as an introduction to this interesting collection of articles.

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The Info-Computation Turn in Physics

10.29007/b3r2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Israel Belfer

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Information Processing ◽

Scientific Reasoning ◽

Quantum Information Theory ◽

Black Hole Thermodynamics ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Generalized Information ◽

Informational Basis ◽

The Common

Modern Computation and Information theories have had significant impact on science in the 20th century - in theory and application. This influence is tracked (through a generalized, Information-laden scientific Style of Reasoning denoting the Information-theoretical and Computational turn in science), with a focus on the information processing and transfer metaphors and descriptive tools prevalent in current physics. Implementation of Information-Theoretical concepts produces such mathematical physical developments as Black-Hole Thermodynamics (BHTD) and the Black-Hole Wars (Suskind, 2008). The treatment of physical systems as information processing systems drives such branches of physics as Quantum Information Theory (QIT). The common Informational basis of computation and communication brings about a foundational shift in scientific reasoning with deep – potentially problematic as well as intriguing – philosophical ramifications. Models of computation and of physics

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A Comprehensive Technological Survey on Dependable Self-Managing CPS: The Decade of Researches on Correctness and Dependability

10.20944/preprints201707.0044.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Zhou ◽

Kunmean HOU ◽

Zhan Zhang ◽

Decheng Zuo ◽

Jian Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Space ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Model Driven ◽

Modeling Techniques ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Cyber Space ◽

The Common ◽

Research Questions ◽

Whole Life Cycle

Though Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) become very popular in last the decade, dependability of CPS is still a critical issue and related survey is rare. We try to spell out the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the technical trends of dependable self-managing CPS. This survey first recalls the motivation and the similar concepts. By analyzing four generic architectures, we summarize the common characteristics and related assurance technologies, and propose a more generic environment-in-loop processing flow of CPS and a formal interaction flow between physical space and cyber space. Further, the similarity between correctness and dependability is formally analyzed and the new five research questions of dependable self-managing CPS are presented. Then we review the critical technologies and related correctness verification & validation (V&V) methods, the architectures for dependable self-managing CPS. Further, the detail dependability management and V&V technologies are surveyed, which covers the areas of running-time fault management methods and whole life cycle V&V technologies, maintenance and available tool sets. For holistic CPS development, Modeling techniques and MDE (model driven engineering) based V&V methods are analyzed in detail. Then we complete the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the missing part. Further, we propose the technical challenges and the further direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable self-managing CPS development and evaluation.

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The common algebraic structure of exit-automata and machines

Computing ◽

10.1007/bf02238820 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (3-4) ◽

pp. 349-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Calvin C. Elgot

Keyword(s):

Algebraic Structure ◽

The Common

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Communication Vulnerabilities in Electric Mobility HCP Systems: A Semi-Quantitative Analysis

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities4010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 405-428

Author(s):

Robert Basmadjian

Keyword(s):

Cyber Security ◽

Electric Mobility ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Security Risks ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Charging Station ◽

Mobility Service ◽

Supply Equipment ◽

The Common ◽

Available Information

An electric mobility ecosystem, which resembles a human-centred cyber physical (HCP) system, consists of several interacting sub-systems that constantly communicate with each other. Cyber-security of such systems is an important aspect as vulnerability of one sub-system propagates to the entire system, thus putting it into risk. Risk assessment requires modelling of threats and their impacts on the system. Due to lack of available information on all possible threats of a given system, it is generally more convenient to assess the level of vulnerabilities either qualitatively or semi-quantitatively. In this paper, we adopt the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) methodology in order to assess semi-quantitatively the vulnerabilities of the communication in electric mobility human-centred cyber physical systems. To this end, we present the most relevant sub-systems, their roles as well as exchanged information. Furthermore, we give the considered threats and corresponding security requirements. Using the CVSS methodology, we then conduct an analysis of vulnerabilities for every pair of communicating sub-systems. Among them, we show that the sub-systems between charging station operator (CSO) and electric vehicle supply equipment (charging box) as well as CSO and electric mobility service provider are the most vulnerable in the end-to-end chain of electric mobility. These results pave the way to system designers to assess the operational security risks, and hence to take the most adequate decisions, when implementing such electric mobility HCP systems.

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