Keeping the Balance Between Proliferation and Differentiation by the E2F Transcriptional Regulatory Network is Central to Plant Growth and Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Network ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of CLE gene family and their potential roles in bolting and fruit bearing in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Qin ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Xiaojing Cheng ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Abstract Background Signal peptides are essential for plant growth and development. In plants, biological processes including cell-cell communication, cellular proliferation and differentiation, cellular determination of self-incompatibility, and defensive responses, all depend heavily on peptide-signaling networks such as CLE (CLAVATA3/Embryo surrounding region-related). The CLEs are indispensable in different periods of plant growth and development, especially in maintaining the balance between proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in various meristematic tissues. The working system of CLE genes in cucumber, an important economical vegetable (Cucumis sativus L.), has not been fully studied yet. The distributional patterns of chromosome-level genome assembly in cucumber provide a fundamental basis for a genome-wide comparative analysis of CLE genes in such plants. Results A total of 26 individual CLE genes were identified in Chinese long ‘9930’ cucumber, the majority of which belong to unstable short alkaline and hydrophilic peptides. A comparative analysis showed a close relationship in the development of CLE genes among Arabidopsis thaliana, melon, and cucumber. Half of the exon-intron structures of all CsCLEs genes are single-exon genes, and motif 1, a typical CLE domain near the C-terminal functioning in signal pathways, is found in all cucumber CLE proteins but CsCLE9. The analysis of CREs (Cis-Regulatory Elements) in the upstream region of the 26 cucumber CLE genes indicates a possible relationship between CsCLE genes and certain functions of hormone response elements. Cucumber resulted closely related to Arabidopsis and melon, having seven and 15 orthologous CLE genes in Arabidopsis and melon, respectively. Additionally, the calculative analysis of a pair of orthologous genes in cucumber showed that as a part of the evolutionary process, CLE genes are undergoing a positive selection process which leads to functional differentiation. The specific expression of these genes was vigorous at the growth and development period and tissues. Cucumber gene CLV3 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, more than half of the transformed plants in T1 generation showed the phenomena of obvious weakness of the development of growing point, no bolting, and a decreased ability of plant growth. Only two bolted strains showed that either the pod did not develop or the pod was short, and its development was significantly inferior to that in the wild type. Conclusions In this study, 26 CLE genes were identified in Chinese long ‘9930’ cucumber genome. The CLE genes were mainly composed of alkaline hydrophilic unstable proteins. The genes of the CLE family were divided into seven classes, and shared close relationships with their homologs in Arabidopsis and melon. The specific expression of these genes was evaluated in different periods of growth and tissue development, and CLV3, which the representative gene of the family, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, suggesting that it has a role in bolting and fruit bearing in cucumber.

scholarly journals Interaction between transcriptional factors and phytohormones in regulation of plant meristems activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Varvara E Tvorogova ◽  
Maria A Osipova ◽  
Irina E Dodueva ◽  
Ludmila A Lutova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Factors ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Special Groups

Plant growth and development are controlled by large regulatory network which modulates activity of special groups of cells — apical meristems. This control is performed by means of phytohormones and transcriptional factors, the regulators of gene expression. In this review principal transcriptional factors regulating plant apical meristems are described, and the data are presented about their interactions with the most important plant hormones, auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. General tendencies of these interactions are depicted.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids Benefit Plants Performance by Augmenting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ren ◽  
Xianrong Che ◽  
Jingwei Liang ◽  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Lina Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

Brassinosteroids (BR) and Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) symbiosis play an important role in improving plant growth and development. Previous studies have shown that there is a complex regulatory network between phytohormones and AM symbiosis.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

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