Cross-National Patterns of Retirement and Poverty among Men and Women in the Mid 1980s: Full Stop or Gradual Withdrawal?

1993 ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Smeeding
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Full Stop ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals A preliminary comparison study of burnout and engagement in performance students in Australia, Poland and the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zabuska ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
David Wasley
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cross National

While there is a growing body of research concerning the well-being of music students, burnout and engagement remain largely unexplored. Likewise, cross-national variations in approaches to music education, and different educational experiences of men and women may influence burnout and engagement. This preliminary study aimed to inform further research by establishing the levels of, and exploring cross-national and sex differences in burnout and engagement in music performance students at conservatoires in Australia, Poland and the UK ( n = 331). Self-reported levels of burnout were, typically, low to moderate. Nevertheless, one in ten students reported symptoms such that they could be classified as burned out. Australian and UK students displayed more burnout than students in Poland, although Australian students reported lower levels of reduced sense of accomplishment than Polish and UK students. Self-reported engagement was, typically, moderate to high. Students in Poland reported higher levels of engagement than those in the UK. Women displayed higher levels of global burnout and emotional/physical exhaustion, while men reported lower levels of reduced sense of accomplishment. Further research on burnout and engagement could build on this investigation to gain a better understanding of their impact and the influence of the educational experience on students’ music-related well-being.

scholarly journals A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF THE SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS OF OLDER MEN AND WOMEN WHO LACK TRADITIONAL FAMILY TIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S564-S564
Author(s):  
Christine Mair ◽  
Kasey Knopp
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Existing literature on “aging alone” focuses on potential lack of support to “kinless” older adults who do not have traditional family ties (e.g., child, spouse; Margolis & Verdery, 2018), as well as the ways in which childless or unpartnered older adults may construct non-kin networks of support (e.g., friendship; Djundeva et al., 2018; Mair, 2019). In addition, older men’s and women’s social networks vary, with women reporting more network growth than men and potentially lower family involvement (Schwartz & Litwin, 2018). Finally, patterns of support (e.g., family care, friend interactions) differ by country context. However, it is unknown if and how the social networks of older adults who lack traditional family ties may differ by gender, as well as what forms of cross-national variation exist in these patterns. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, N=17 nations, N=53,247 adults aged 50+), we take advantage of a unique social support network module in this cross-national dataset to compare closeness, proximity, quality, and type of ties by gender among older childless and unpartnered men and women by country. Among those without traditional family ties, we find that older women may be advantaged in terms of social support compared to older men, but that this advantage varies by nation. We discuss the details and implications of these results regarding potential policy implications about the differential risks faced by older men and women who lack traditional family ties in various country contexts.

Postural Balance and Self-Reported Functional Ability in 75-Year-Old Men and Women: A Cross-National Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Era ◽  
K. Avlund ◽  
J. Jokela ◽  
I. Gause-Nilsson ◽  
E. Heikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals The Effects Of Spousal Support And Gender On Workers Stress And Job Satisfaction: A Cross National Investigation Of Dual Career Couples

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Bures ◽  
Dale Henderson ◽  
Jacqueline Mayfield ◽  
Milton Mayfield ◽  
Joel Worley
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Spousal Support ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dual Career Couples ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

This paper investigates the relationships between the level of spousal support that a dual career marriage participant receives and the individuals job satisfaction and work stress. Results indicate that a high level of spousal support leads to higher levels of job satisfaction. Data analysis also suggests that gender moderates the relationship between spousal support and work stress. At a low level of spousal support, but men and women reported approximately equal stress. However, data show that a high level of spousal support reduces mens work stress, but does not significantly decrease womens stress level.

scholarly journals A Cross-National Study of Evolutionary Origins of Gender Shopping Styles: She Gatherer, He Hunter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dennis ◽  
J. Joško Brakus ◽  
Gemma García Ferrer ◽  
Charles McIntyre ◽  
Eleftherios Alamanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
National Study ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

By investigating gendered shopping styles across countries, the authors explore whether the differences between male and female shopping styles are greater than the differences in shopping styles exhibited by consumers across countries. With a conceptual model, this study tests an extant convergence hypothesis that predicts that men and women should grow more similar in their shopping styles as traditional gender-based divisions in wage and domestic labor disappear. The results of a survey of shopping behavior across 11 countries indicate though that men and women are evolutionarily predisposed to different shopping styles. These differences in shopping styles also are greater in countries with higher levels of gender equality. Empathizing, or the ability to tune in to others’ thoughts and feelings, mediates shopping styles more for women; systemizing, or the degree to which a person possesses spatial skills, mediates shopping styles more for men. These results suggest that gender-based retail segmentation is more strategically relevant than country-based segmentation. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for international marketing theory and practice.

scholarly journals Gender, Social Value Orientation, and Tax Compliance

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W D’Attoma ◽  
Clara Volintiru ◽  
Antoine Malézieux
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Empirical Contribution ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article brings an important empirical contribution to the academic literature by examining whether gender differences in tax compliance are due to higher prosociality among women. We conducted a large cross-national tax compliance experiment carried out in different countries—Italy, UK, USA, Sweden, and Romania. We uncover that women declare a significantly higher percentage of their income than men in all five countries. While some scholars have argued that differences in honesty between men and women are mediated by prosociality, we find that women are not more prosocial than men in all countries and we do not find a mediating effect of prosocial behaviour on tax compliance. Though tax evasion is a form of dishonesty, the tax compliance experiment is quite different from an honesty experiment, which is certainly one explanation for the different results. We conclude that although differences in prosociality between men and women seem to be context-dependent, differences in tax compliance are indeed much more consistent.

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