scholarly journals Evolutionary Explanations of Syrian—Turkish Water Conflict

2008 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Serdar Ş Güner
Keyword(s):  
Water Conflict ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Folk-economic beliefs as moral intuitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

AbstractAlthough Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) cataloguing of and evolutionary explanations for folk-economic beliefs is important and valuable, the authors fail to connect their theories to existing explanations for why people do not think like economists. For instance, people often have moral intuitions akin to principles of fairness and justice that conflict with utilitarian approaches to resource allocation.

The how and the why of the human inability to accept evolutionary explanations.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Ivana Hromatko ◽  
Josip Hrgović
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Explanations

scholarly journals Testing evolutionary explanations for the lifespan benefit of dietary restriction in fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster )

Evolution ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eevi Savola ◽  
Clara Montgomery ◽  
Fergal M. Waldron ◽  
Katy M. Monteith ◽  
Pedro Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

What is the Evolutionary Advantage of Migraine?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Loder
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Design Constraint ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Susceptibility to migraine is determined by genetic factors and is therefore subject to the forces of natural selection. Migraine is a common and ancient disorder whose prevalence may be increasing, suggesting that a migraine-prone nervous system may be associated with reproductive or survival advantages. Five evolutionary explanations are reviewed that might account for the persistence of migraine: (i) migraine as a defence mechanism; (ii) migraine as a result of conflict with other organisms; (iii) migraine as result of novel environmental factors; (iv) migraine as a trade-off between genetic harms and benefits; and (v) migraine as a design constraint. An evolutionary perspective on migraine allows the generation of important hypotheses about the disorder and suggests rewarding possibilities for further research.

Water Conflicts: The Case of the Nile River and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Cătălin Badea
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
State Of Water

"The most crucial element of every life form on our planet, water has always been a source of potential animosity between clans, tribes and even states. With the advent of modern technology we have devoted less and less of our attention to this all-needed resource, but pollution, large-scale industrialization and agriculture, the population boom of the last centuries and crucially the climate calamity that it threatens to unleash, forces us to reconsider the key role played by water in the delicate and fragile ecosystem of our planet. This article takes a look at how water is, and will increasingly be, a source of contention and even conflicts between states, as climate changes and increasingly larger populations will be forced to fight over more and more depleted resources. With a focus on the case of the Nile river and the potential conflict over its water resources between Egypt and Ethiopia, this article examines how the mainstream state of water conflict thinking fails to explain the case of the Nile River Basis and the newly built Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and why the alternative ideas that are based on the notions of cooperation and justice might ultimately provide a better way of understanding the complex problem of the delicate management and use of water resources. Keywords: Water conflicts, Egypt, Ethiopia, GERD, The Nile"

Groepsidentificatie en cognitie

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-361
Author(s):  
Marc Slors
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Dress Codes ◽  
Cultural Infrastructure ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Shared Norms ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Abstract Group-identification and cognition: Why trivial conventions are more important than we think In existing (evolutionary) explanations for group formation and -identification, the function of cultural conventions such as social etiquette and dress codes is limited to providing group-markers. Group formation and identification itself is explained in terms of less arbitrary and more substantial phenomena such as shared norms and institutions. In this paper I will argue that, however trivial and arbitrary, cultural conventions fulfil an important cognitive function that makes them essential to the formation of and identification with large groups. Complex role-division, both informal and institutional, is important in the functioning of any large group of people. Shared conventions enable a virtually automatic understanding of signals, scripts and rules that regulate the interaction of divided roles. They provide a cultural infrastructure within which we perceive e.g. specific behavior and clothing as a range of social-cultural affordances for role-interactions. Shared familiarity with this infrastructure is the foundation for the basic kind of trust of in-group strangers that is a requirement for the formation of large groups. This non-intellectualist view on group formation and group identification can contribute to new ways of dealing with problems in multicultural societies.

The Causal Structure of Natural Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Pence
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Philosophy Of Biology ◽  
Philosophy Of Physics ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Recent arguments concerning the nature of causation in evolutionary theory, now often known as the debate between the 'causalist' and 'statisticalist' positions, have involved answers to a variety of independent questions – definitions of key evolutionary concepts like natural selection, fitness, and genetic drift; causation in multi-level systems; or the nature of evolutionary explanations, among others. This Element offers a way to disentangle one set of these questions surrounding the causal structure of natural selection. Doing so allows us to clearly reconstruct the approach that some of these major competing interpretations of evolutionary theory have to this causal structure, highlighting particular features of philosophical interest within each. Further, those features concern problems not exclusive to the philosophy of biology. Connections between them and, in two case studies, contemporary metaphysics and philosophy of physics demonstrate the potential value of broader collaboration in the understanding of evolution.

Water Value, Water Management, and Water Conflict: A Systematic Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Value

Does It Pay to be Good? Competing Evolutionary Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour

2009 ◽  
pp. 185-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs van Veelen
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations
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