Regional Patterns of Access and Participation in Non-Formal Cultural Education in Germany

(1) Background: The equality of life chances in Germany is often assessed along the lines of a west/east and urban/rural differentiation in which the latter usually perform worse. One currently popular proposal for addressing these inequalities is to strengthen cultural and arts education. The question arises to what extent regional characteristics genuinely influence participation opportunities and to what extent individual resources still play a decisive role. (2) Methods: Using descriptive analyses and multilevel logistic regression modelling, we investigate the distribution of and participation in non-formal cultural education amongst German youth. (3) Results: We find that differences are more complex than a simple west/east or urban/rural divides. Rather, cultural activities must be considered in terms of their character in order to assess the mechanisms at play. There seem to be differences in the dependency on district funding between very peripheral and very central districts that frame the cultural infrastructure. (4) Conclusions: Regional discrepancies are not uniformly distributed across different fields of education or infrastructure. Simplifying statements that classify peripheral regions the general losers can be refuted here. Simultaneously, more comprehensive data could yield significantly more results than we are currently able to produce.

Character Education with Islamic Insights of The Nusantara

The emergence of the idea of ​​character education programs in Indonesia is understandable. This is because so far the community has judged that the education process has not succeeded in nurturing Indonesians. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen the values ​​of national character education, combining Islamic religious values ​​with an archipelago perspective, or commonly called character education based on Nusantara Islam. The Nusantara Islamic philosophy is considered very suitable for character education for the Indonesian nation. This paper uses a qualitative research approach using library research methods. Using the library method to collect data, namely collecting data in the form of text that supports this research. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Nusanatara Islam is an Islam based on cultural infrastructure. Then the concept of character education based on Islam Nusantara is pesantren, madrasa, Integrated Islamic school, university and tradition or culture. Islam Nusantara has many character education values, including obedience, independence, simplicity, togetherness, the spirit of gotong royong, compassion, equality, deliberation, moderation (tawasut}) and tolerance (tasamuh).

Groepsidentificatie en cognitie

Group-identification and cognition: Why trivial conventions are more important than we think In existing (evolutionary) explanations for group formation and -identification, the function of cultural conventions such as social etiquette and dress codes is limited to providing group-markers. Group formation and identification itself is explained in terms of less arbitrary and more substantial phenomena such as shared norms and institutions. In this paper I will argue that, however trivial and arbitrary, cultural conventions fulfil an important cognitive function that makes them essential to the formation of and identification with large groups. Complex role-division, both informal and institutional, is important in the functioning of any large group of people. Shared conventions enable a virtually automatic understanding of signals, scripts and rules that regulate the interaction of divided roles. They provide a cultural infrastructure within which we perceive e.g. specific behavior and clothing as a range of social-cultural affordances for role-interactions. Shared familiarity with this infrastructure is the foundation for the basic kind of trust of in-group strangers that is a requirement for the formation of large groups. This non-intellectualist view on group formation and group identification can contribute to new ways of dealing with problems in multicultural societies.

Enemy Aliens: Internment and the Homefront War in Australia, 1914–1920

During the First World War, the German Australian community, the largest non-Anglo-Celtic group, became the target of a relentless campaign of persecution, internment and deportation that resulted in its dismemberment and the destruction of its socio-cultural infrastructure. Under the country’s belligerent Prime Minister, W.M. Hughes, the machinery of government was used to suspend basic civil rights and the rule of law, while Australian civilians were called upon to participate in the “homefront war” against an imagined internal enemy. The government’s aim was to serve the cause of Im- perial Britain and its commercial supremacy, and to secure the future of White Australia as the home of an imaginary, exclusive “British race.”

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF INTERSECTIONS REPRESENTATION AS APPARATUS OF CONTENTS MULTI-SCALAR, RETROSPECTIVE AND RESILIENT FOR THE RESEARCH OF CONNOTATIONS, SIMULATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE LANDSCAPE ASSETS

The research project’s objective, based on defining a “Computational Model of Intersections Simulation/Representation” as complex digital cultural infrastructure and computational knowledge, acquires the identity characteristics of the Computational Representation (phenomenological, geometry, visual, resilience, scalability analytical-interpretative knowledge) to promote for landscape and Cultural Heritage (CH): a) of systematize environmental information and protective by intersections of resilience’s categories in the “thematic systems of families and types” of the landscape; b) a model of Smart CH for Industry 4.0 – 2021. The same time favors: a) thematic and retrospective intersections between formal and interpretative layers for the return of information from a spatial and functional; b) innovation by introduction of professional figures of the contemporary digital. The methodology is articulated on following intersection models: Connotations, Composition, Development (combination of complex formal, structural and geometric factors); Morphogenesis (innovative concepts of transformations form), Sustainability. From the point of view the results and conclusion the study allowed to highlight: a) “network of multi-scalar discrete relationships” with sequences of digital models for the relative tessellation of the surfaces; b) “resilience measure” by “building a digital model of morphogenesis”; c) systematize environmental information and protective by intersections of resilience’s categories in the “thematic systems of families and types” of the landscape; d) “operative and phenomenological reading” of the changing complexity of environmental reality with connections between the behavioural and physical structures of the place.

FEATURES OF THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF RURAL TERRITORIES

The article analyzes the approaches to the definition of the term "social infrastructure". The definitions based on the allocation of complexes of objects, industries and types of activity are highlighted. At the same time, the social infrastructure of rural areas is singled out separately. It is noted that the presence of social infrastructure is necessary to attract, retain and develop the population, especially of rural areas. The existing classification features of social infrastructure objects are analyzed. There are many approaches to the classification of social infrastructure. The main features are industry, field of activity, target, functional, etc. The features of the social infrastructure of rural areas are highlighted: one object of social infrastructure can simultaneously serve several settlements; not all social infrastructure facilities are needed in rural areas; objects of socio-cultural infrastructure are mainly municipal or state; low level of quality of services provided; lack of a part of services due to the need for large investments; low incomes and imbalance of local budgets are reflected in the quality of maintenance of social infrastructure facilities; changes in social infrastructure more often occur in connection with changes in legislation in a particular area; lack of an integrated approach to the development of social infrastructure in rural areas; low range of services provided.

Assessment of the Cultural Heritage Potential in Poland

Cultural heritage is a complex and multi-faceted concept, thus eluding a definition. Consequently, it is a daunting task to assess the cultural heritage potential of a country, region, or community unambiguously. The paper defines “cultural heritage potential” and presents an example of a synthetic assessment of the potential with Poland as an example. The assessment involved several normalised diagnostic variables grouped into four thematic fields. This way, cultural heritage potential could be represented by a “synthetic quality index”. The analysis yielded a ranked list of voivodeships (third-tier subdivision units) and their classification (typology) regarding cultural heritage potential. An in-depth analysis demonstrated that the cultural heritage potential rank of a voivodeship could be determined by values of selected diagnostic valuables, such as the number of heritage objects, number of food products of documented quality and particular cultural significance, and extensive cultural infrastructure. The typology can be a background for decision-making with the consequences of voivodeship classification depending on the context of a specific analysis. The proposed method for assessing cultural heritage potential is not related to the territorial extent of the area. Any quantifiable attribute of cultural heritage can be used in the assessment regardless of the unit of measure. Such an assessment can be useful for the identification of trouble areas, areas of concern, and model areas.

OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION OF SUBURBIA IN BELGOROD REGION

The development of urban agglomerations as one of the most important urbanization processes in the modern world was considered. The economic expansion, as well as the increase in the motorization level in the middle of the 20th century, changed the vector of urban development from a vertical to a horizontal direction. This direction is also typical for the Belgorod region. The specificity of the development of the Belgorod suburbia is the massifs of individual residential buildings form a dense ring around the center of the region - Belgorod city. Statistical data that characterize the development of social infrastructure (general education and medical institutions), as well as transport infrastructure, were analyzed. It was revealed that in the emerging microdistricts of the suburbias, the transport, social and cultural infrastructure is not fully developed. It was shown that the reorganization of the transport infrastructure of the Belgorod suburbia should include some actions. One of them is the organization of transport interchange hubs as elements of transport infrastructure that can significantly change the current situation: to relieve roads, reduce car commuting, and provide people with the opportunity to comfortably transfer from one mode of transport to another. The organization of transport hubs will allow organizing a comfortable living environment for the population living in the agglomerated Belgorod suburban areas and reduce the load on the city's transport network.