The Great Earthquakes of Lisbon 1755 and Aceh 2004 Shook the World. Seismologists’ Societal Responsibility

2009 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Karl Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Responsibility

The great earthquakes of Lisbon 1755 and Aceh 2004 shook the world. Seismologists' societal responsibility

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL FUCHS
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Technical Competence ◽  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Societal Responsibility ◽  
Mature Science

Two major earthquakes ‘which shook the world’, that of Lisbon of 1755 and that of Aceh/Sumatra of 2004, are compared. Both were catastrophic earthquakes with nearly identical magnitude M≈9 and accompanying destructive tsunamis. They are paradigms for Low Probability Extreme Events (LPEEs) and for the reaction of the societies in which they occurred, although 250 years apart. Modern seismology developed from its birth as disaster management following the Lisbon quake to a mature science, which however, still remains under the obligation to improve its role in enhancing society's preparedness for such catastrophes. The catastrophe of hurricane Katrina, which was predicted, showed that the realm of societal responsibility extends beyond that of scientific technical competence.

Improvement on Xi’an Digital Seismic Telemetry Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 2003-2008
Author(s):  
Cui Xiang Zhong ◽  
Ming He Huang
Keyword(s):  
Underground Water ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Tectonic Earthquake ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Tectonic Features

A scientific analysis on the geographical environments and regional geological tectonic features of some notable earthquakes over the world revealed the root cause of tectonic earthquakes—that is, a tectonic earthquake is generally caused by underground water erosion instead of inter-continental plate collision. According to this new law, it’s easy to explain many past great earthquakes around the world, and also easy to predict some future possible earthquake foci by observing landforms, that is, great earthquakes occur easily in coastal areas, or areas retaining large amounts of water, but not in areas lacking water. So these research results are important to economically protecting against earthquakes and reducing disasters. Especially, according to this new explanation, many digital seismograph networks in the world can be improved. Through on-the-spot investigation or observing topographic maps, one can find that Xi’an urban area and some of its surrounding areas lack underground water, and the possibility of devastating earthquakes occurring in these areas is vey low. Hence the observation on these areas can be lessened. But some areas such as Weihe down-faulted basin near Huaxian and Huayin is seismic risk area, the observation on these areas should be enhanced.

The Role of Cash-Waqf in Societal Responsibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-191
Author(s):  
Adama Dembele ◽  
Buerhan Saiti ◽  
Mehmet Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Responsibility

The widespread poverty in the world has required multi-dimensional approaches and efforts to alleviate it and improve the life of the society at both national and global levels. As a result, many agencies, governmental bodies, and non-government organizations (NGOs) were formulated and established for this purpose with their own special objectives, scopes, visions, and missions. Different entities and agencies have taken various approaches and methods in the process of poverty eradication and are undertaking several programs in a large number of communities at the global scale. Meanwhile, the globalizations of poverty mitigation efforts and increasing number of agencies, operating in different communities, have increased the quick prevarication of different beliefs in the same community. One of the reasons for this is that each organization or agency has its own purposes, motives, values, and norms to directly or indirectly achieve by helping the people in need.

scholarly journals University Students’ Readiness for Social Activity in Climate Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Sari Harmoinen ◽  
Katri Koivu ◽  
Leena Pääsky
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Societal Responsibility ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

AbstractIn this study, the authors analyze how students from the University of Oulu (N=1585) reflect on their possibilities to affect climate matters through social activity. The data was collected with an online survey in the autumn of 2019 and was analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methods. Readiness for climate actions in social activity was moderately low and lower than in other climate actions considered in the survey. The following categories were identified to explain readiness for social activity: Emotional Expressions, Trustworthy Information, Individual Freedom, Societal Responsibility, and Us Against the World-mindset. Some of the possibilities for climate actions suggested by students include developing and exporting Finnish innovations and expertise, leading by example, receiving and distributing reliable information, making decisions and regulations on a societal level, providing economical support for environmental organizations, and affecting personal actions.

scholarly journals Three Belts of Great Earthquakes and Volcanoes of the World

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hantaro NAGAOKA ◽  
Toshiaki SHIRAI
Keyword(s):  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Anomalies of total column CO and O<sub>3</sub> associated with great earthquakes in recent years

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2513-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cui ◽  
J. Du ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
The World ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Spectrum Data

Abstract. Variations of total column CO and O3 in the atmosphere over the epicenter areas of 35 great earthquakes that occurred throughout the world in recent years were studied based on the hyper-spectrum data from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). It was found that anomalous increases of CO and/or O3 concentrations occurred over the epicenter areas of 12 earthquakes among the 35 studied ones. However, increases in both CO and O3 concentrations were found for 6 earthquakes. The O3 anomalies appeared in the month when the earthquake occurred and lasted for a few months, whereas CO anomalies occurred irregularly. The duration of CO and O3 anomalies related to the earthquakes ranged from 1 to 6 months. The anomalies of CO concentration related to the earthquake can be mainly attributed to gas emission from the lithosphere and photochemical reaction, while the anomalous increases in O3 concentration can be mainly due to the transport of O3-enriched air and photochemical reaction. However, more work needs to be done in order to understand the mechanism of the CO and O3 anomalies further.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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