Party Politics, National Security, and Émigré Political Violence in Australia, 1949–1973

2010 ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mate Nikola Tokić
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Party Politics

scholarly journals Democracy and Political Violence in Nigeria Since Multi -Party Politics in 1999: A Critical Appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Prince Ikechukwu Igwe ◽  
Luke Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Universal Pattern

Abstract The return to democracy in Nigeria in 1999 ushered in some form of political reforms, particularly in the conduct of multi- party elections however political violence appears perverse. The objective of this study is to explore how the prevalence of political violence has undermined Nigeria’s democracy. The analysis follows survey data to address the questions regarding democracy and political violence. The study draws from the frustration-aggression and group violence theories and provides a deepened analytic exploration. Based on some of the assumptions of democracy understood as freedom, equality, accountability, rule of law etc, the study argues that these assumptions obviously constitute a ‘universal pattern’ in democratic practice, which makes a critical evaluation of the Nigerian experience important. Consequently, our findings suggest that the prevalence of political violence is fundamentally an attribute of vested interests of the political elite. Some policy recommendations follow.

Exploring Transitions in Party Politics in Grenada, 1984–2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Grenade
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Revolution

One of the consequences of the demise of the Grenada Revolution and the US invasion of Grenada in 1983 was the formation of a new political party architecture to break with the past to rid Grenada of the vestiges of the revolution and the Eric Gairy regime that preceded it. The new architecture was intended to transcend authoritarianism, intra-party conflict and political violence to turn Grenada into a showcase for democracy and free enterprise. This chapter maps the contours of party politics in post-revolutionary Grenada. It argues that Grenada has transitioned to formal democracy but has not yet achieved deeper substantive democracy. The chapter teases out lessons from the Grenada case for democratic renewal in the Caribbean.

Party Politics and Political Violence in Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Party Politics

scholarly journals RETHINKING A CULTURAL POLICY FOR NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayila Agaku ◽  
Martins Moses Agena
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People

Nigeria is in pressing need of a cultural policy that could promote cultural values. The challenge of cultural erosion has affected the capacity of the country to ensure the security and welfare of the people for the sustainable development of the country. This article, therefore, examines the cultural dimensions of the country’s national security problem. In addition to deploying qualitative research methodology, the researchers adopt a theoretical exploration of secondary sources for the article. The paper x-rays some related literature that unveil many security challenges that have to do with conflicts in the way of life of the people, such as, the Muslim extremists of Marwa, Maitatsine, El-zakzaki and their liberal counterparts in Kano, Maiduguri, Zaria, Gombe, Yola and so on, at various times. Countless instances of ethno-religious conflicts have occurred between Christians and Muslims in Bauchi, Kano, Kafanchan, Zango-Kataf, Kaduna, and Nasarawa among other parts of Nigeria.  There have been sectarian conflicts in Nasarawa, Benue, some parts of South-East, South-West and South-South of Nigeria.  More recently, there has emerged some difficult insecurity problems characterised by political violence, Boko Haram terrorists, banditry, kidnapping, cattle rustling, Fulani herdsmen attacks, militancy and so on. In addition to the above-mentioned plethora of insecurity, there are on daily occurrence instances of corruption and crimes such as suicide attacks, armed-robbery, oil theft, rape and so on. The article attempted a theoretical matrix of ‘culture of security’ and ‘security of culture’. The paper therefore recommends a cultural policy could promote cultural education, values, sensitivity, and unity, as well as commitment through participatory communication by nationalist individuals and their involvement in the nation-building efforts, necessary to avert imminent crisis in the country.

Continuous Traumatic Situations in the Face of Ongoing Political Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orit Nuttman-Shwartz ◽  
Yael Shoval-Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
National Security ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Threats

This article presents a literature review of the concept of continuous traumatic situations (CTS), which relates to residents living in ongoing situations of political violence and national security threats. The first aim of this review is to narrow the gap regarding knowledge about the concept of CTS by presenting findings from studies that have assessed the effects of CTS on civilian populations. The second aim is to describe CTS in a way that highlights the differences and similarities between posttraumatic stress disorder and responses to CTS. This distinction is a necessary precondition for examining CTS, as is a careful clinical analysis of the development and course of symptoms. This literature review also highlights the importance of adopting a supplementary perspective for understanding the psychological impact of ongoing exposure to real threats, which can be used as a basis for developing intervention strategies that are appropriate for coping with life in the context of persistent violence. CTS can be manifested as emotions, behaviors, and perceptions among individuals, families, communities, and societies. The nature of the proposed model of CTS is a circular one, combining past and future perceptions and emotional reactions that have resulted from continuous and repeated traumatic experiences over an extended period of time. This wider understanding reflects the complexity of the CTS phenomenon. Various micro and macro interventions relating to CTS as the result of political violence situations and national security threats are presented, and recommendations for practice, policy, and future research are offered.

Investigating implicit biases around race and gender in Canadian counterterrorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-613
Author(s):  
Rachel Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Racial Stereotypes ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Religious Stereotypes ◽  
Policies And Practices

A growing body of research on terrorism and countering violent extremism (CVE) has increasingly questioned the lack of attention to—and myths around—women involved in extremist and political violence, while other research has drawn attention to racial and religious stereotypes that affect national security policies and practices worldwide. While Canada is often heralded as a global leader in multiculturalism and gender equality, the nation’s national security sector still faces significant challenges around implicit biases related to race and gender. This study asks whether gender and racial stereotypes impeding counterterrorism and CVE in other countries are also affecting policies and practices in Canada. Using twenty-six in-depth interviews with practitioners, police officers, academics, and government officials from seven major cities across Canada, this paper argues that persistent gender and racial stereotypes are indeed a key challenge impeding Canada’s efforts to adequately address radicalization into and disengagement from extremist violence.

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