Broad Spectrum and Mode of Action of an Antibiotic Produced by Scytonema sp. TISTR 8208 in a Seaweed-Type Bioreactor

1998 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Aparat Chetsumon ◽  
Fusako Umeda ◽  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Kiyohito Yagi ◽  
Tadashi Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action

scholarly journals Mode-of-Action of Antimicrobial Peptides: Membrane Disruption vs. Intracellular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie H. Benfield ◽  
Sónia Troeira Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Model Membranes ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Bacterial Cells

Antimicrobial peptides are an attractive alternative to traditional antibiotics, due to their physicochemical properties, activity toward a broad spectrum of bacteria, and mode-of-actions distinct from those used by current antibiotics. In general, antimicrobial peptides kill bacteria by either disrupting their membrane, or by entering inside bacterial cells to interact with intracellular components. Characterization of their mode-of-action is essential to improve their activity, avoid resistance in bacterial pathogens, and accelerate their use as therapeutics. Here we review experimental biophysical tools that can be employed with model membranes and bacterial cells to characterize the mode-of-action of antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals Mode of action and resistance studies unveil new roles for tropodithietic acid as an anticancer agent and the γ-glutamyl cycle as a proton sink

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Z. Wilson ◽  
Rurun Wang ◽  
Zemer Gitai ◽  
Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Tropodithietic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

While we have come to appreciate the architectural complexity of microbially synthesized secondary metabolites, far less attention has been paid to linking their structural features with possible modes of action. This is certainly the case with tropodithietic acid (TDA), a broad-spectrum antibiotic generated by marine bacteria that engage in dynamic symbioses with microscopic algae. TDA promotes algal health by killing unwanted marine pathogens; however, its mode of action (MoA) and significance for the survival of an algal–bacterial miniecosystem remains unknown. Using cytological profiling, we herein determine the MoA of TDA and surprisingly find that it acts by a mechanism similar to polyether antibiotics, which are structurally highly divergent. We show that like polyether drugs, TDA collapses the proton motive force by a proton antiport mechanism, in which extracellular protons are exchanged for cytoplasmic cations. The α-carboxy-tropone substructure is ideal for this purpose as the proton can be carried on the carboxyl group, whereas the basicity of the tropylium ion facilitates cation export. Based on similarities to polyether anticancer agents we have further examined TDA’s cytotoxicity and find it to exhibit potent, broad-spectrum anticancer activities. These results highlight the power of MoA-profiling technologies in repurposing old drugs for new targets. In addition, we identify an operon that confers TDA resistance to the producing marine bacteria. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses of these genes lead to a previously unknown metabolic link between TDA/acid resistance and the γ-glutamyl cycle. The implications of this resistance mechanism in the context of the algal-bacterial symbiosis are discussed.

scholarly journals The Potential of RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) as Biopesticides

Buletin Eboni ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Tati Suharti ◽  
Dharmawati F Djam’an
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Ribosome Inactivating Protein ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Anti Fungal

RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) produced by plants that can act as a plant defense from pest and disease. This protein is widely used as an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-insect. Therefore, RIP contained in plants has the potential to be used for environmentally friendly biopesticides. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on RIP derived from plants and its potential as a biopesticide.The mode of action of RIP works is by inhibiting protein synthesis during translating process of pest and plant pathogen. RIP has a broad spectrum so that it can overcome insect pests from various orders and pathogens both fungi, bacteria and viruses. Some types of plants that contain RIP include neem, ginger, turmeric, galangal, castor bean, jatropha, soursop and bitter melon. RP applications can be in the form of oil, essential oils, solutions, flour, ash and simplicia. RIP can be applied to seeds, seeds, plants and post-harvest products. The advantages of using RIP include easily available materials, inexpensive, easy to application and environmentally friendly.The plants contain RP has high potency to commercially developed so in the future, the controlling of pest and disease rely on the plants contain RIP both direct and in the pesticides formulations form. Therefore echo friendly plantation programme can be realized.

scholarly journals Ionic Systems and Nanomaterials as Antiseptic and Disinfectant Agents for Surface Applications: A Review

Surfaces ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Francisco Faísca ◽  
Luis Filipe ◽  
Zeljko Petrovski ◽  
Miguel M. Santos ◽  
Sandra Gago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Ionic Systems ◽  
Active Chemical

Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of biocides as active chemical agents is found in these products, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Many of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, the mode of action of these agents is not well-documented. This review is focused on several examples of ionic systems based on ionic surfactants and ionic liquids as well as nanomaterials and nanoparticles acting as antiseptics and disinfectants for surfaces. It is important to note that many of these biocides may be used singly or in combination in a variety of products, which vary considerably in activity against microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity can be influenced by several factors such as formulation effects, presence of an organic load, synergy, temperature, dilution, and test method. The most promissory compounds based on ionic systems and nanomaterials published in mainly the last decade is chronologically reported in this review.

scholarly journals A Review: Medicinally Important Nitrogen Sulphur Containing Heterocycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Sharma ◽  
Andleeb Amin ◽  
M. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sulfur Heterocycles ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Nitrogen sulphur containing heterocycles have specific properties due to which they can be used as a potential material in a different type of industries such as medicinal/pharmaceutical, paint, packing and textile, required for various chemical, physical operations and their use as products. Especially dyes, paint, agrochemicals, medicine, etc. make them more significant. In present days, Nitrogen-Sulfur heterocycles are repeatedly attracting the interest of chemists due to their exceptional bioactive behavior. The present study is a review of the work carried out by a chemist in the discovery of new, effective, medicinally important heterocyclic compounds. The present review basically focused on nitrogen-sulfur heterocycles of potential therapeutic interest, especially with thiazole, thiazine, pyrimidine, morpholine and piperazine heterosystems, benzothiazines, pyrazole-benzothiazines, morpholine-benzothiazines, piperazine-benzothiazines and pyrimidine-benzothiazoles, mainly due to their unique structural features, which enable them to exhibit a number of biological and pharmacological activities. Due to a novel mode of action, a broad spectrum of activity, lesser toxicity towards mammalian cells, and suitable profiles towards humans have triggered the use of Nitrogen Sulphur containing heterocycles in designing and synthesizing their derivatives with better properties. The overall objective of the review is to discuss the importance of novel biodynamic structurally diverse heterocycles of potential therapeutic interest: pyrimidine, morpholine, piperazine, pyrozole, benothiazoles, pyrimidobenzothiazoles, 4H-1,4-benzothiazines, pyrazolyl-benzothiazines, morpholinyl-benzothiazines and piperazinylbenzothiazines in order to have access to important commercial molecules for the search of better future.

scholarly journals Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald McDonnell ◽  
A. Denver Russell
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Active Chemical

SUMMARY Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics. This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants. Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.

scholarly journals Broad-spectrum antitumor properties of Withaferin A: a proteomic perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dom ◽  
Wim Vanden Berghe ◽  
Xaveer Van Ostade
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Antitumor Properties ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Independent Mode

A review discussing the broad-spectrum antitumor properties of the natural steroid Withaferin A based on the binding with its true cancer protein targets: a defined stress dependent and stress independent mode of action.

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