Impact Study of Community’s Nursery Program on Land Cover Change in Jembrana Regency, Bali

One of the priority activities in Forest and Land Rehabilitation (FLR) program conducted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry since 2010 is People’s Nursery Program/Kebun Bibit Rakyat (KBR). Jembrana Regency as one of the districts that participated in this program is an area with a diverse physical conditions and represents each watershed zone consisting of upstream, middle, and downstream, so it becomes interesting to study. This study aims to describe the KBR program in terms of changes in land use at the KBR location. The method used in this research was a qualitative descriptive approach referring to data on changes in land cover in 2009, 2013, and 2016 as an analysis material that represents the year before the program, the year when the program began, and the year when the program was harvested. The results of the study showed that there was a change in land cover at the locations during the implementation of the KBR program in Jembrana Regency, namely an increase in dry land forest area of 44.2 ha and mixed gardens of 252.5 ha. This shows that the KBR program has contributed to the RHL program in terms of increasing the area of vegetation and has involved the community in its implementation.

Students and Orang Utan Conservation: High School Students’ Perceptions of Orang Utan Sanctuary Establishment in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

The role of young generations including students was crucial in orang utan conservation. They are not only agent of change, but they are also capable of distinguishing attitudes which are able to influence policy in the future. The purpose of this study was to examine high school students’ perceptions of establishment of the orang utan sanctuary in Balikpapan Bay. We used quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection with students on the grade of XII as respondent. Data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The findings showed that students had good perceptions towards unreleased orang utan conservation. They agreed that the orang utan sanctuary should be established. Students also had positive perceptions relating to the positive impacts of orang utan sanctuary on the village and environment. However, students had neutral perceptions towards negative impacts of orang utan sanctuary. There were no differences between male and female students’ perceptions towards the establishment of orang utan sanctuary. Conversely, male and female students’ perceptions in regards with the impacts of orang utan sanctuary on the village and environment were differed.

Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn: Bioprospection Potency of Forest Conservation Area

Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Area is one of the forest areas designated by the government as a conservation area in South Sulawesi. Optimization the use of the economic value of conservation areas and potency of the biodiversity are many parties hope. Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn is one of the biodiversity richness in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park area. This plant predominantly contains flavonoid chemical compounds that are useful as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, anti-clastogenic, anti-cancer, anti-platelet for humans. M. minutum has potency as bioprospecting for Bantimurung National Park. The use of the conservation zone rehabilitation zones as wanafarma requires plantcaracteristic and site management. M. minutum plantation should be placemented at river banks or create waterways if planting at dry land. In addition, efforts can be made to improve the physical properties of the soil in the form of loose and increased organic matter content by planting ground cover and fertilizing.

Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest in Tanakeke Island, Takalar District, South Sulawesi Province

Mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island provide many benefits, both direct and indirect benefits. All the benefits received/enjoyed by the community so far have never been calculated/valued in money so sometimes the community does not realize how much value is actually given by this mangrove forest and how much it contributes to their income. Resource economic valuation is a method used to estimate the monetary value of goods and services provided by mangrove forest resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the total economic value of the benefits of mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island. The total economic value of the benefits of mangrove forests is derived from the value of direct benefits (tree, firewood, charcoal, seaweed stake, fish and mangrove crabs), indirect benefits (anchoring abrasion and intrusion), optional benefits, existence benefits and inheritance benefits. Based on the results of calculations, the total economic value of mangrove forests on Tanakeke Island is Rp73,563,108,250.00/year or Rp127,492,388.00/ha/year. Direct benefits provide the greatest value of Rp44,173,560,000.00/year (60.05%), then indirect benefits of Rp14,257,696,532.00/year (19.38%), the benefit of being Rp10,597,566,668.00/year (14.41%), the inheritance benefit of Rp4,417,356,000/year (6.00%) and optional benefits of Rp116,929,050/year (0.16%).

Properties of Wood and Nuts of Makadamia (Macadamia hildebrandii Steen) from Sulawesi

Macadamia hildebrandii Steen is endemic species of Sulawesi. This species is found in the provinces of South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi. Macadamia wood has a distinctive feature that has the prospect of being a raw material for furniture. Meanwhile, the fruit has not been utilized. This paper is a review of wood and macadamia nuts properties that have been studied. The results of these studies show that wood and nuts have the following characteristics: larger rays commonly more than 10 seriate so that it is clearly visible on tangential/flat-sawn boards; classified as strength class III-II; high cellulose contents with alpha cellulose more than 42%; wood calorific value 4,363.5 cal/gr, charcoal calorific value 6868 cal /gr, volatile matter 14.04%, ash 1.36% and fixed carbon 84.60%; durability class IV against soil termites, class II against dry wood termites, and class III-II against decaying fungi; the quality of shaping, turning, boring, and sanding was classified as good (class II), while planing was classified as very good (class I); easily preserved; and easily cracked when dried. Macadamia wood can be used as raw materials for pulp and paper, rayon, charcoal, activated charcoal, light to heavy construction under the roof, furniture, and molding. The use of macadamia wood must consider its low dimensional stability. Macadamia nuts have a fat content of 1.96%, protein 8.38%, carbohydrates 48.44%, starch 46.44%, and tannins up to 8.42%. Proper processing techniques are needed, especially to reduce tannin levels so that macadamia nuts can be consumed.

The Importance of "Business Management" in Social Forestry Development in Production Forest

The social forestry program which aims to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of the community is a solution in forest governance in Indonesia. However, implementation of social forestry in the field still shows very low performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, a transition to a more holistic social forestry management concept is needed, which can be pursued through the implementation of the main social forestry development strategies which include: area management, institutional management and business management. As one of the pillars in the strategy of developing social forestry, business management determines the impact of social forestry activities on improving the welfare of the community. This article aims to present the design of the activities which is needed in establishing business management on social forestry permit schemes in production forests. Analysis of the policy content and the implementation of social forestry programs using interview methods and field observations were presented in both qualitatively and descriptively. We found that, the various activities are business partnerships with corporation or Forest Management Unit, greater authority for communities to harvest forest products, simpler forest product administration regulations, incentives for processing forest products, and ease in obtaining capital support.

Marketing Analysis of Bitti Wood (Vitex cofassus) in Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi

Bitti wood (Vitex cofassus) harvested from the private forest has a considerable potential to be developed to fulfill the demand of the local and industrial markets, such as to support the Phinisi boat industries. One important factor in supporting the development and utilization of the bitti’s private timber is its marketing system. This study aimeds to describe the profile of bitti wood marketing and analyze it in supporting the Phinisi boat industries in Bulukumba district. Data collection was carried out through observation and interview several parties involved in the marketing process of bitti by using an interview guide (questionnaire). The results showed that bitti wood marketing actors in Bulukumba District included farmers, middlemen, and the Phinisi industries. There were two patterns of bitti wood marketing at the study site, i.e. the pattern I: Farmers à Phinisi industries and pattern II: Farmers à Middlemen àPhinisi industries. The lowest profit share was received by bitti farmers in the pattern I was about 31,6% and pattern II was about 29,5%, which does not fairly reflect their contribution. To maintain the sustainability of bitti private timber, there is a need to develop a more efficient bitti marketing process from upstream to downstream.

The Potential of RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) as Biopesticides

RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) produced by plants that can act as a plant defense from pest and disease. This protein is widely used as an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-insect. Therefore, RIP contained in plants has the potential to be used for environmentally friendly biopesticides. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on RIP derived from plants and its potential as a biopesticide.The mode of action of RIP works is by inhibiting protein synthesis during translating process of pest and plant pathogen. RIP has a broad spectrum so that it can overcome insect pests from various orders and pathogens both fungi, bacteria and viruses. Some types of plants that contain RIP include neem, ginger, turmeric, galangal, castor bean, jatropha, soursop and bitter melon. RP applications can be in the form of oil, essential oils, solutions, flour, ash and simplicia. RIP can be applied to seeds, seeds, plants and post-harvest products. The advantages of using RIP include easily available materials, inexpensive, easy to application and environmentally friendly.The plants contain RP has high potency to commercially developed so in the future, the controlling of pest and disease rely on the plants contain RIP both direct and in the pesticides formulations form. Therefore echo friendly plantation programme can be realized.

Interest of Community in Using Silk Fabric in Soppeng Regency South Sulawesi

Silk fabric is one of the natural silk products of the commodity Non-Timber Forest Products that the people of South Sulawesi are cultivating as a source of the family economy. People of Soppeng Regency have cultivated silkworms to produce cocoons which are then processed into yarn and fabric. Besides, they are also a user. Advances in technology and information also influence people's clothing choices, not least in Soppeng Regency. The interest of the community in seeking raw materials as well as users of natural silk products will affect the sustainability of the business. This paper aimed to find out people's interest in silk fabric, influencing factors and conservation efforts in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi. The study used a quantitative descriptive method by collecting data through observation and interviews with 30 respondents. The results showed that 70 percent of the people were still interested in silk when attending official events, 23 percent of respondents chose the use of silk fabric in the form of sarong, the reason for using silk fabric because of prestige or pride and cultural factors, 70 percent of respondents prefer to buy mixed silk or not original, the purchase of pure silk fabric is rarely done because the price is expensive and there are many choices of clothing materials with affordable prices. For this reason, the government needs to motivate the use of silk fabric in South Sulawesi in the form of local regulations as an effort to preserve the culture and maintain business continuity along with optimizing the supporting factors of cocoon and silk yarn production so that the economy and people's purchasing power can be increased.

Development of Tree Determination Key for Android Smartphone

Indonesian forest consists of thousands of tree species. In the field, forest inventory officers need a tool, which can be carried easily, to identify tree species (tree determination key). Accordingly, a smartphone can be used as an alternative. The application selected for constructing the tree determination key was Carrymap Observer, a free and open source application based on Android. Development of database was carried out in a computer using ArcGIS’s plugin namely Carrymap by examining the appropriate text file format and image file size. The identification of tree species was mainly based on leaf characteristics. Those characteristics were used as attributes on point data vector. The utilization of tree determination key on smartphone can facilitate users to identify tree species in the field.