The Cost of Atopic Eczema to the Society: An International Perspective

2000 ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Rukmini Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Economic Models of Higher Education: An International Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Bruno Ruffini
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

As other sectors, higher education can be characterized by the combination of market mechanisms and state intervention in its funding and organization. Although higher education systems of developed countries pursue similar goals (provide high-level manpower, meet individual and social demands, etc.) and face similar challenges (massive expansion, internationalization, MOOCs, etc.) their economic models differ significantly. In some countries, universities are public and charge no or very low tuition fees, whereas in other countries, the cost-sharing with parents and students is much more demanding. The paper will try to underscore and explain these differences by drawing on the lessons of economic analysis and on the historical and cultural background of countries.

The cost of atopic eczema

1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. HERD ◽  
M.J. TIDMAN ◽  
R.J. PRESCOTT ◽  
J.A.A. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
The Cost

Mass Shootings

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
Kevin Angelo Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the international perspective discerning mass shootings is complicated and difficult to understand due to the lack of complete data. The problem that the world is facing with mass shootings in the last couple of decades is a fairly new phenomenon that has been a common topic in the news and media. Mass shootings that have cost the lives of dozens of people per event has been due to a variety of reasons including drug markets, terrorism, mentally unstable individuals, availability of firearms, ethnic and religious tensions, and much more. The impact of mass shootings is vast including mental health trauma for survivors and their families, change in public policy, cost of billions of dollars, the cost of human life, and much more. These shootings vary widely throughout countries and regions in each country. The chapter focuses on specific nations throughout the world, common firearms involved in the shootings, the environments in which these shootings take place, the characteristics of the shooter and much more.

The cost of atopic eczema

1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. HERD ◽  
M.J. TIDMAN ◽  
R.J. PRESCOTT ◽  
J.A.A. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Analiza porównawcza kosztu kapitału własnego przedsiębiorstw górnictwa węgła kamiennego w ujęciu międzynarodowym / Comparative Analysis of the Cost of Equity of Hard Coal Mining Enterprises – An International Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Michalak ◽  
Tomasz Leszek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Hard Coal Mining ◽  
The Cost

Streszczenie Branża górnictwa węgla kamiennego, uznawana za znajdującą się w fazie schyłkowej, przechodzi Ropniowe odrodzenie. Światowy rynek węgla rośnie. Popyt na czarne paliwo jest napędzany głównie przez energetykę w krajach spoza OECD oraz rosnące ceny alternatywnych nośników energii. W związku z rosnącą rolą przedsiębiorstw górniczych w rozwoju gospodarki światowej w niniejszym artykule podjęto problem kosztu kapitału własnego zaangażowanego w finansowanie tego typu przedsiębiorstw. Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza kosztu kapitału własnego przedsiębiorstw górniczych w ujęciu międzynarodowym. Zbadano koszt kapitału własnego w największych kon­cernach górniczych działających na rynku w Australii, Chinach oraz USA. Badaniem objęto 12 przed­siębiorstw wydobywających węgiel kamienny. Okres badań obejmuje lata 2009-2013. W badaniach zastosowano przede wszystkim analizę statystyczną danych pierwotnych, dotyczących notowań akcji badanych przedsiębiorstw górniczych oraz indeksów giełd papierów wartościowych, stanowiących dla nich benchmarki. Przeprowadzone badania mogą być pomocne do określenia perspektyw roz­wojowych węgla kamiennego na świecie w aspekcie uwarunkowań międzynarodowych. Pozwalają również uzyskać odpowiedź na podstawowe pytanie badawcze: czy w obliczu globalizacji rynków międzynarodowych i intensyfikacji przepływu surowców, w szczególności węgla, koszt kapitału własnego zaangażowanego do finansowania przedsiębiorstwa wydobywającego węgiel kamienny jest zróżnicowany względem rynku, na którym to przedsiębiorstwo działa? Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że koszt kapitału własnego przedsiębiorstw górnictwa węgla kamiennego jest zróż­nicowany w zależności od rynku, na którym te przedsiębiorstwa prowadzą działalność. Zaobser­wowana prawidłowość stanowi przyczynek dalszych badań w kierunku poszukiwania przyczyn tego zróżnicowania oraz wskazania konsekwencji w dłuższej perspektywie czasowej.

scholarly journals The Benefits of More Choice in Distribution Channels for Cultural Programming

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Ostiguy
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Politique Publique ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Cable Networks ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Cultural Infrastructure ◽  
Cultural Programming ◽  
The Cost

Abstract: Canada's current communications environment is one of proprietary systems rather than open systems. Cable networks and telecommunications networks do not connect and work in tandem with each other. The regulations and legislation governing each industry are different, with often distinct rules and obligations. With an open environment, Canada's cultural infrastructure would be strengthened. Canadian films, programs, and music would be made available to much wider audiences in Canada and abroad. The royalties and revenues from these increased distribution channels would stimulate a higher level of production throughout Canada's various cultural industries. The cost of distributing programs would decrease, and the price of on-demand information and entertainment services would be reduced for all Canadians. This paper will describe in more detail the benefits of increased distribution choice for producers of Canadian cultural products--from both a domestic and an international perspective. It will also delineate the impediments, both regulatory and public policy to creating this open environment. Résumé: Les communications au Canada consistent actuellement en systèmes étanches plutôt qu'ouverts. Les réseaux de câblodistribution et de télécommunication n'ont pas de points d'intersection, ils ne fonctionnent pas ensemble. La réglementation et la législation sont différentes pour chacune de ces industries, avec des règles et des obligations souvent distinctes. Si le système était ouvert, l'infrastructure culturelle canadienne deviendrait plus forte. La télévision, la musique et le cinéma canadiens seraient disponibles à des publics beaucoup plus larges, autant au Canada qu'à l'étranger. Les revenus et les droits provenant de voies de distribution plus vastes stimuleraient la production des diverses industries culturelles canadiennes. Les coûts de distribution d'émissions diminueraient, et les prix d'information sur demande et de divertissements en général baisseraient pour tous les Canadiens. Cet article décrira en détail les bienfaits pour les producteurs canadiens d'un plus grand éventail de voies de distribution--tant au niveau domestique qu'international. Il soulignera aussi les obstacles, dans la réglementation et la politique publique, à la création d'un système ouvert.

Yet More Maths Problems

2002 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Howson
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
True Value ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This article considers several key problems facing the teaching and learning of mathematics at secondary level. In particular, it studies the need for better defined aims for mathematics teaching; the standards currently being attained by students viewed from an international perspective; the validity of many of the assessment procedures on which the government places such emphasis; and the underlying problem, that of an insufficiency of well-qualified mathematics teachers — a problem that, for several decades, governments have chosen to ignore. Suggestions are made on how the various aims of mathematics education might be better met.‘Does “Mathematics for all” mean “No mathematics for all”?’ Title of a lecture given by J. de Lange in 1983.‘A calculator, …, a friend or an independent financial advisor can substitute for an education in mathematics for instrumental purposes’ (Bramall, 2000).‘Q. I would like to know the rate of inflation for the years since 1987 to the present time to work out the true value of my savings. Can you help?A. Certainly. Since 1987 the cost of living has gone up by 70 per cent. So £1 today is worth the equivalent of only 30p then.’ Reader's question and financial expert's answer in ‘Your money’, Saga Magazine, April 2001.

scholarly journals PIH23 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE COST OF FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. A166
Author(s):  
JC Davis ◽  
MC Robertson ◽  
MC Ashe ◽  
KM Khan ◽  
CA Marra
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
The Cost

The cost-effectiveness of risedronate in the treatment of osteoporosis: an international perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Borgström ◽  
Å. Carlsson ◽  
H. Sintonen ◽  
S. Boonen ◽  
P. Haentjens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
The Cost

Measuring and valuing health: an international perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brazier ◽  
Julie Ratcliffe ◽  
Joshua A. Salomon ◽  
Aki Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

The institutionalized demand for cost-effectiveness evidence in low- and middle-income countries—where this sort of information is arguably even more urgently required—has yet to gain traction to the same extent that it has in various countries in the industrialized world. There are several important exceptions to this general observation, and these may signal a rising interest in undertaking and applying cost-effectiveness analysis (CEAs) in developing countries. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is an alternative to the QALY that has been favoured in much of the cost-effectiveness work in developing countries; and extends the discussions of key issues in the definition, description, and valuation of health to address some of the added considerations demanded by cross-cultural applications of the methods and tools that are the focus of this book.

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