The Effect of No-Fault Auto Insurance on Driver Behavior and Auto Accidents in the United States

2001 ◽  
pp. 95-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Loughran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Auto Accidents

Who Says There Is a Handgun Epidemic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
DANIEL D. SCHREIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Know How ◽  
Auto Accidents

To the Editor.— I noted with interest the commentary on handguns in the May 1986 issue of Pediatrics (1986;77:781-782). The word "epidemic" caught my eye and I would like to know how significant the epidemic is to our children. Is it any where near the epidemic proportions of auto accidents, BMX bike injuries, skateboard injuries, or pornography? With the estimate of 40 to 50 million handguns in the United States it should not be difficult to figure the ratio of injuries or deaths in children per hand gun available.

scholarly journals Quebec's Comprehensive Auto No-Fault Scheme and the Failure of Any of the United States to Follow

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Sugarman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
State Government ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Tort System ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The U.S

Although Quebec's no-fault auto insurance scheme has served for 20 years as an exemplary model to follow, so far not one of the United States has adopted anything even close to it. This article examines the reasons for that failure, both in California and throughout the country. Emphasis is given to several factors that stand in the way of U.S. reform and that may distinguish states in the U.S. from Canadian provinces generally and Quebec in particular: 1. State politics — the power of the lawyers who represent victims, the position of the insurers, and the structure of state government. 2. Public perceptions — negative attitudes towards government, the insurance industry, and the prospects of saving money on auto insurance premiums. 3. Traditions—the ideological strength of individualism and ideological weakness of collective responsibility. 4. Tradeoffs — doing away with the tort system means giving up more in the U.S. than elsewhere. 5. Policy concerns — fears about safety, costs, and the « slippery slope ». Finally, the possibility that one or more U.S. states might in the future evolve towards the Quebec solution is explored.

scholarly journals Compensation for Non-Economic Loss, the Tort-Liability Insurance System, and the 21st Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 571-598
Author(s):  
Roger C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Definition Of

Tort awards for non-economic loss have grown in an almost geometric progression in the United States since first recognized nearly 150 years ago. Not only have courts constantly expanded the areas in which claimants are permitted to recover pain and suffering awards, but at the same time they have liberalized the definition of pain and suffering itself This may be traced in part from the way the judicial system was designed after the American Revolution, the role of lawyers in the system, and the affluence of the country. Consequently, awards for non-economic loss have taken on ever increasing importance, an importance that does not bode well for the prospects for future adoptions of no-fault auto insurance plans that would curtail such recoveries. This article sketches historical influences on the tort-liability insurance system and summarizes modern developments in the law of damages for non-economic loss in the United States. It then raises questions regarding the prospects for adoption of the federal Choice No-Fault Auto Reform Act now pending in the U.S. Congress, a plan that would offer auto accident victims the choice of being compensated on a no-fault basis, while waiving their right to recover for pain and suffering. It concludes by offering a possible scenario of how future efforts to reform the tort-liability system in the United States may occur as we move into the 21st century.

Field Study of Driver Exiting Behavior at Complex Interchanges

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (37) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Katz ◽  
Scott O. Kuznicki ◽  
Nicholas Kehoe ◽  
Jim Shurbutt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

A field study explored driver behavior at complex interchanges throughout the United States in order to better understand geometric, signing, and marking characteristics that influence driving behavior and lane selection. Two types of data were collected at 13 interchanges spanning four states: videos from fixed-location cameras, and videos from unmanned aerial vehicles. Findings from the study highlight common behavior as drivers negotiate complex interchanges. For each interchange studied, video was reduced to track vehicle paths throughout the study site. Although data were captured on both through and exiting traffic, the focus of this review was on the exiting vehicles. No major safety issues were observed through the study. One common finding across all sites was that exiting traffic was found to most commonly use the EXIT ONLY lane rather than the option lane. In addition, few common behaviors identified through the video show last-minute lane changes; drivers typically entered their target lane well upstream of the interchange.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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