Correlations Between Active Plasma Species and Steel Surface Nitriding in Microwave Post-Discharge Reactors

1992 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard ◽  
J. Hubert ◽  
H. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Active Plasma ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Plasma Species

scholarly journals Active Plasma Species in TiN Film Formation Process by Plasma CVD Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (1166) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro ISHII ◽  
Takashi SHIBATA ◽  
Yuichi YOSHINO ◽  
Hiroshi ICHIMURA ◽  
Kuniaki KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Active Plasma ◽  
Plasma Cvd ◽  
Cvd Method ◽  
Tin Film ◽  
Plasma Species

EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
E Y. Wang ◽  
J. T. Cherian ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

Post Discharge Clinically Overt Venous Thromboembolism in Orthopaedic Surgery Patients with Negative Venography -an Overview Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 0887-0892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Ricotta ◽  
Alfonso lorio ◽  
Pasquale Parise ◽  
Giuseppe G Nenci ◽  
Giancarlo Agnelli
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Pharmacological Prophylaxis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Overview Analysis ◽  
Major Orthopaedic Surgery

SummaryA high incidence of post-discharge venous thromboembolism in orthopaedic surgery patients has been recently reported drawing further attention to the unresolved issue of the optimal duration of the pharmacological prophylaxis. We performed an overview analysis in order to evaluate the incidence of late occurring clinically overt venous thromboembolism in major orthopaedic surgery patients discharged from the hospital with a negative venography and without further pharmacological prophylaxis. We selected the studies published from January 1974 to December 1995 on the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after major orthopaedic surgery fulfilling the following criteria: 1) adoption of pharmacological prophylaxis, 2) performing of a bilateral venography before discharge, 3) interruption of pharmacological prophylaxis at discharge in patients with negative venography, and 4) post-discharge follow-up of the patients for at least four weeks. Out of 31 identified studies, 13 fulfilled the overview criteria. The total number of evaluated patients was 4120. An adequate venography was obtained in 3469 patients (84.1%). In the 2361 patients with negative venography (68.1%), 30 episodes of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after hospital discharge were reported with a resulting cumulative incidence of 1.27% (95% C.I. 0.82-1.72) and a weighted mean incidence of 1.52% (95% C.I. 1.05-1.95). Six cases of pulmonary embolism were reported. Our overview showed a low incidence of clinically overt venous thromboembolism at follow-up in major orthopaedic surgery patients discharged with negative venography. Extending pharmacological prophylaxis in these patients does not appear to be justified. Venous thrombi leading to hospital re-admission are likely to be present but asymptomatic at the time of discharge. Future research should be directed toward improving the accuracy of non invasive diagnostic methods in order to replace venography in the screening of asymptomatic post-operative deep vein thrombosis.

Serum Magnesium Levels in Exacerbation of COPD: A Single Centre Prospective Study from Kashmir, India.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Bashir Ahmed Shah ◽  
Muzafar Ahmed Naik ◽  
Sajjad Rajab ◽  
Syed Muddasar ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Dhobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Copd Exacerbation ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Time Of Admission

Objective: To study the significance of serum magnesium levels during COPD exacerbation and stability.Materials & Methods: The patient population consisted of all patients of COPD admitted as acute exacerbation as defined by the Anthonisens criteria, from June 2006 to may 2008. Same patients one month post discharge presenting to the OPD for routine check up as stable COPD served as controls. Results: A total number of 77 patients of COPD presenting as acute exacerbation were included in the study. The incidence of Hypomagnesaemia was 33.8% at admission; 5% at discharge and 4% at one month of post discharge in COPD patients. The mean serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (1.88±0.67mg/ dl V/S 2.3±0.36mg/dl; p<0.0001). Also, hypomagnesemia was present in higher number of cases (22/77, 33.8%) compared to controls, 3/75, 4.0%; (p<0.0001). Patients of COPD with acute exacerbation and hypomagnesemia, had longer duration of symptoms and had advanced stage III of COPD (p<0.001); and had raised mean corpuscle volume (p<0.045) and longer hospital stay (p<0.008).  Conclusion: We conclude COPD exacerbation is associated with hypomagnesemia. The duration of symptoms of more than 8 days, advanced stage of COPD (stage III) and raised MCV were associated with hypomagnesemia. We recommend to monitor serum magnesium levels in COPD patients with acute exacerbation at the time of admission and during their stay in the hospital.J Med Sci.2010;13(1);15-19

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