Past and Present Coastal Upwelling Along the Western Americas

1999 ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
A. van Geen ◽  
R. Takesue
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling

Modeling the Central California Coastal Upwelling System: Physics, Ecosystems and Resource Management

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco P. Chavez ◽  
Richard T. Barber ◽  
Fei Chai ◽  
Yi Chao ◽  
Andrew P. De Vogelaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Central California ◽  
Upwelling System

Coastal upwelling observed by multi-satellite sensors

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoMing Li ◽  
XiaoFeng Li ◽  
MingXia He
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Satellite Sensors

Abrupt change in Vietnam coastal upwelling as a response to global warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Xu ◽  
Chao Ji ◽  
Deming Kong ◽  
Min Guo
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Coastal Upwelling

scholarly journals Effect of environmental history on the habitat-forming kelp Macrocystis pyrifera responses to ocean acidification and warming: a physiological and molecular approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Fernández ◽  
Jorge M. Navarro ◽  
Carolina Camus ◽  
Rodrigo Torres ◽  
Alejandro H. Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments

AbstractThe capacity of marine organisms to adapt and/or acclimate to climate change might differ among distinct populations, depending on their local environmental history and phenotypic plasticity. Kelp forests create some of the most productive habitats in the world, but globally, many populations have been negatively impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors. Here, we compare the physiological and molecular responses to ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) of two populations of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from distinct upwelling conditions (weak vs strong). Using laboratory mesocosm experiments, we found that juvenile Macrocystis sporophyte responses to OW and OA did not differ among populations: elevated temperature reduced growth while OA had no effect on growth and photosynthesis. However, we observed higher growth rates and NO3− assimilation, and enhanced expression of metabolic-genes involved in the NO3− and CO2 assimilation in individuals from the strong upwelling site. Our results suggest that despite no inter-population differences in response to OA and OW, intrinsic differences among populations might be related to their natural variability in CO2, NO3− and seawater temperatures driven by coastal upwelling. Further work including additional populations and fluctuating climate change conditions rather than static values are needed to precisely determine how natural variability in environmental conditions might influence a species’ response to climate change.

scholarly journals Volume and Nutrient Transports Disturbed by the Typhoon Chebi (2013) in the Upwelling Zone East of Hainan Island, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Manli Zheng ◽  
Lingling Xie ◽  
Quanan Zheng ◽  
Mingming Li ◽  
Fajin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Offshore Water ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ekman Flow

Using cruise observations before and after the typhoon Chebi in August 2013 and those without the typhoon in July 2012, this study investigates variations in current structure, nutrient distribution, and transports disturbed by a typhoon in a typical coastal upwelling zone east of Hainan Island in the northwestern South China Sea. The results show that along-shore northeastward flow dominates the coastal ocean with a volume transport of 0.64 × 106 m3/s in the case without the typhoon. The flow reversed southwestward, with its volume transport halved before the typhoon passage. After the typhoon passage, the flow returned back northeastward except the upper layer in waters deeper than 50 m and the total volume transport decreased to 0.10 × 106 m3/s. For the cross-shelf component, the flow kept shoreward, while transports crossing the 50 m isobath decreased from 0.25, 0.12 to 0.06 × 106 m3/s in the case without the typhoon as well as before and after typhoon passage, respectively. For the along-shore/cross-shelf nutrient transports, SiO32− has the largest value of 866.13/632.74 μmol/s per unit area, NO3− half of that, and PO43− and NO2− one order smaller in the offshore water without the typhoon. The values dramatically decreased to about one-third for SiO32−, NO3−, and PO43− after the typhoon, but changed little for NO2−. The disturbed wind field and associated Ekman flow and upwelling process may explain the variations in the current and nutrient transports after the typhoon.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variability of SST Fronts in the Inner Sea of Chiloé and Its Adjacent Coastal Ocean, Northern Patagonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Gonzalo S. Saldías ◽  
Wilber Hernández ◽  
Carlos Lara ◽  
Richard Muñoz ◽  
Cristian Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Coastal Ocean ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Sst Gradient ◽  
Sst Fronts

Surface oceanic fronts are regions characterized by high biological activity. Here, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) fronts are analyzed for the period 2003–2019 using the Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR) SST product in northern Patagonia, a coastal region with high environmental variability through river discharges and coastal upwelling events. SST gradient magnitudes were maximum off Chiloé Island in summer and fall, coherent with the highest frontal probability in the coastal oceanic area, which would correspond to the formation of a coastal upwelling front in the meridional direction. Increased gradient magnitudes in the Inner Sea of Chiloé (ISC) were found primarily in spring and summer. The frontal probability analysis revealed the highest occurrences were confined to the northern area (north of Desertores Islands) and around the southern border of Boca del Guafo. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis was performed to clarify the dominant modes of variability in SST gradient magnitudes. The meridional coastal fronts explained the dominant mode (78% of the variance) off Chiloé Island, which dominates in summer, whereas the SST fronts inside the ISC (second mode; 15.8%) were found to dominate in spring and early summer (October–January). Future efforts are suggested focusing on high frontal probability areas to study the vertical structure and variability of the coastal fronts in the ISC and its adjacent coastal ocean.

scholarly journals Environmental Effects on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Fish Larvae in the Western Guangdong Waters, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Yuting Feng ◽  
Lijun Yao ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Zhaojin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fishery Resources

Spawning grounds occupy an important position in the survival and reproduction of aquatic life, which plays an important role in the replenishment of fishery resources, especially in the China coasts where fishery resources are depleting. This study investigated environmental effects on the spatiotemporal variability of fish larvae in the western Guangdong waters (WGWs), on the basis of generalized additive models (GAMs) and center of gravity (CoG). Satellite data including sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), and in situ observations for fish larvae from April to June in 2014–2015 were used. Results showed that 40.3% of the total variation in fish larvae density was explained. SST, SSS, and depth showed positive effects in 23–24 °C and 27–30 °C, 24–32 PSU, and 0–60 m, and showed negative effects in 24–27 °C, 32–34.2 PSU, 60–80 m. Based on the stepwise GAMs, the most important factor was month, with a contribution of 10.6%, followed by longitude, offshore distance, depth, and latitude, with contributions of 7.0%, 7.0%, 6.3%, 4.2%, 3.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. Fish larvae CoG shifted northward by 0.6° N and eastwards by 0.13° E from April to June. The distribution of fish larvae in the WGWs was affected by complex submarine topography in the Qiongzhou Strait, coastal upwelling in the WGWs, and runoff from the Pearl River.

scholarly journals Modeling the impact of climate change on mussel aquaculture in a coastal upwelling system: A critical assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 145020
Author(s):  
Isabel Fuentes-Santos ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Susan Kay ◽  
Solfrid Sætre Hjøllo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sinking rates and ballast composition of particles in the Atlantic Ocean: implications for the organic carbon fluxes to the deep ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fischer ◽  
G. Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Flux

Abstract. The flux of materials to the deep sea is dominated by larger, organic-rich particles with sinking rates varying between a few meters and several hundred meters per day. Mineral ballast may regulate the transfer of organic matter and other components by determining the sinking rates, e.g. via particle density. We calculated particle sinking rates from mass flux patterns and alkenone measurements applying the results of sediment trap experiments from the Atlantic Ocean. We have indication for higher particle sinking rates in carbonate-dominated production systems when considering both regional and seasonal data. During a summer coccolithophorid bloom in the Cape Blanc coastal upwelling off Mauritania, particle sinking rates reached almost 570 m per day, most probably due the fast sedimentation of densely packed zooplankton fecal pellets, which transport high amounts of organic carbon associated with coccoliths to the deep ocean despite rather low production. During the recurring winter-spring blooms off NW Africa and in opal-rich production systems of the Southern Ocean, sinking rates of larger particles, most probably diatom aggregates, showed a tendency to lower values. However, there is no straightforward relationship between carbonate content and particle sinking rates. This could be due to the unknown composition of carbonate and/or the influence of particle size and shape on sinking rates. It also remains noticeable that the highest sinking rates occurred in dust-rich ocean regions off NW Africa, but this issue deserves further detailed field and laboratory investigations. We obtained increasing sinking rates with depth. By using a seven-compartment biogeochemical model, it was shown that the deep ocean organic carbon flux at a mesotrophic sediment trap site off Cape Blanc can be captured fairly well using seasonal variable particle sinking rates. Our model provides a total organic carbon flux of 0.29 Tg per year down to 3000 m off the NW African upwelling region between 5 and 35° N. Simple parameterisations of remineralisation and sinking rates in such models, however, limit their capability in reproducing the flux variation in the water column.

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