Codes in the Neurons: How is Information Represented in Brain Tissue?

1993 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Theodore Holmes Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue

Effects of therapeutic and toxic phenobarbital doses on brain tissue caspase 3-activity in the neonatal rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Husain ◽  
HS Fink ◽  
K Lang ◽  
B Merkle ◽  
R Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Neonatal Rat

Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma and Tissue Fibrinolytic Activity in a Rat Model of Surgically Induced Menopause

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Topcuoglu ◽  
Mustafa Albayrak ◽  
Hayriye Erman ◽  
Huriye Balci ◽  
Mesut Karakus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Surgically Induced ◽  
Pai 1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on fibrinolytic activity in a rat mode of surgically-induced menopause. Methods: Twelve-week-old, sexually mature female Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 200–250 g, were randomly divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated group, (2) ovariectomy group, (3) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.02 mg/kg/day) (E2) + norethisterone acetate (0.01 mg/kg/day), and (4) ovariectomy group followed by oral administration of daily 17β-estradiol (0.01 mg/kg/day) + drospirenone (0.02 mg/kg/day). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, and PAI-1/tPA levels were measured as markers of fibrinolysis in plasma and liver and brain tissue. Results: Compared with sham-operated rats, ovariectomized rats showed higher levels of fibrinolytic activity; however, the increased fibrinolytic activity in plasma and liver tissue was significantly reduced by HRT regimens. No change was observed in the levels of fibrinolytic activity in brain tissue. Conclusions: HRT showed beneficial effects by decreasing fibrinolytic activity related to surgically-induced menopause. Short-term HRT treatment was associated with a shift in the procoagulant-anticoagulant balance toward a procoagulant state.

Adaptogenic correction of free radical brain damage in subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride

2020 ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. S. Kazitskaya ◽  
T. K. Yadykina ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
Complex Drug

Introduction. Fluorine compounds in small doses, but with prolonged exposure, cause various disorders in organs at the cellular and molecular levels. Activation of free-radical processes plays an important role in the damaging eff ect of fl uorides. Th erefore, one of the most eff ective ways to limit fl uorine-induced damage is to directly aff ect free-radical processes using herbal preparations with antioxidant properties.The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of a dihydroquercetin-based drug on the activity of free radical processes in brain tissue under subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF).Materials and methods. Th e work was performed on white male laboratory rats weighing 200-250 g. Th e rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 — control; 2 — rats with chronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF) for 9 weeks; 3 — rats receiving a NAF solution with simultaneous administration of a complex drug based on dihydroquercetin at a dose of 3 mg/kg in 1% starch gel for 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase-was determined in the cerebral cortex. Th e level of expression of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF — 1A and inducible forms of proteins HSP72 and HSP32 were determined in the cytosolic fraction of brain tissue.Results. In the early stages of subchronic fl uoride exposure (1-3 weeks), the expression of protective proteins HIF-1α, HSP72, HSP32 and catalase was shown in the rat cortex, as a result of which the activity of free-radical processes was maintained at the control level. An increase in the timing of fl uoride intake to 9 weeks led to a decrease in antioxidant protection and signifi cant activation of free radical oxidation in brain tissue. Daily administration of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin for 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats with subchronic fl uoride exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pro- and antioxidant balance disorders in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the greatest protective eff ect of dihydroquercetin with fl uoride exposure was manifested by the 9th week of its administration.Conclusions. When subchronic intake of fl uorides in the body, the drug based on dihydroquercetin has a neuroprotective eff ect, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fr ee radical oxidation and catalase and the resistance of the cortex to induced fr ee radical oxidation.

Embolism of Fetal Brain Tissue to the Lungs and the Placenta

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Baergen ◽  
Manuel Castillo ◽  
Blesilda Mario-Singh ◽  
Arthur Stehly ◽  
Kurt Benirschke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Fetal Brain
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