Export behaviour with differentiated products: exports of Korea, Taiwan and Japan to the US domestic market

1992 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Oliveira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Market ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
The Us

Trading Away Tariffs: The Operations of the GATT System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Judith Goldstein ◽  
Robert Gulotty
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Market ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
General Finding ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
Gatt 1947

Abstract Since its formation, the GATT/WTO system has facilitated a worldwide reduction of trade barriers. We return to a founding moment of the regime, the GATT 1947 (GATT47), and look closely at the liberalization process, analyzing exactly what concessions were granted to whom and in return for what. With these data, we evaluate three prominent explanations for the operation of the early GATT. First, we ask whether or not US negotiators granted asymmetric access to the US market to spur post-war recovery. Second, we look at how the rules adopted in GATT47 balanced the interests of import sensitive producers with those of the more nascent exporter interests. Third, we examine specific US concessions and ask whether or not the US used the domestic market to either increase the productive capacity of nations damaged during the war and/or to bolster unstable regimes. Our most general finding is that the US, at least in this first Round of the trade regime, was less a liberal warrior and more a seeker of stability, and that tariff setting was significantly constrained by the institutions governing global tariff negotiations.

Financial Marriage of Convenience between China and the US

2013 ◽  
pp. 128-144
Author(s):  
Oguz Dilek ◽  
Emre Iseri
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
American Economy

Despite growing global concerns regarding the reliability of the American economy in general and the Dollar as a Negotiated Currency in particular, US-shaped regime of international finance will survive the present difficulties. This is mainly due to the fact that China would be predisposed to maintain its backing of the US Dollar, not to harm it, because it staked a massive economic and political capital in that. Beijing has so far persisted in assisting the global value of the US Dollar (sacrificing considerable sums of economic return), which is an apt move to beef up the American domestic market with the intention of keeping Chinese factories busy at all times.

Russian Poultry Meat Market: Trends, Factors and Development Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
K.G. Borodin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Market ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Development Prospects

The paper deals with the issues of forecasting the Russian poultry meat market. A model of partial equilibrium of the market for differentiated products for the formation of medium-term forecasts of its development is proposed. The estimates of model calculations for the domestic market of poultry meat were obtained. According to the forecast, positive dynamics in domestic poultry production is expected.

PROTECTING THE DOMESTIC MARKET: INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND STRATEGIC FIRM BEHAVIOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS METGE ◽  
PIA WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Switching Costs ◽  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Mere Existence

Asian firms frequently have to undercut domestic prices and subsidize switching costs in order to obtain a positive market share when entering European and the US markets. Such practices constitute dumping under Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. We demonstrate that the mere existence of an administratively set minimum price, which is frequently used in assessing dumping allegations, protects domestic firms and has the effect of an additional entrance barrier for Asian firms. Consequently, competition policy should reassess GATT's antidumping regulation in order to keep markets open and domestic competition healthy.

Global Horse Trade in the United States: 1981-2013

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Michael B. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
The Us ◽  
Show Jumping

AbstractSimilar to other commodities, US sport horses have increasingly been outsourced. The sport horse commodity chain is a long process involving many actors. The data presented document a shift away from US-born horses to those born in Europe. Since the 1980s, the American sport horse market has become a global market. Over $300 million dollars in horses are imported into the United States, and over a third comes from Germany. These foreign horses have uprooted the domestic supply of sport horses, who were US-born ex-racehorses. This research relies on import data to document the transition from a domestic market to a global market. This transformation has wide-reaching implications for the equestrian industry in the US. Through analysis of import statistics, content analysis, and participant observation, data are presented that illustrate how equestrian show jumping changed as a result of the dependence on European supplies of horses.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing Industry in the US Using Porter's Five Forces Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jerry Chik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Import Competition ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us

As global trade expands and technological progress is being made in developing countries, manufacturers of boilers and heat exchangers in the United States (US) are facing increasing import competition while industry profitability is competed away from industry rivals, market entrants, as well as by the growing number of available choices for buyers, and by suppliers with larger clientele and differentiated products and services. The forces that influence profitability in this industry is an essential part of strategic planning for any boiler and heat exchanger manufacturer that aims to control competition risk and optimize profitability. This research aims to break down and analyze the influences that industry manufacturers, market entrants, purchasers, component and raw material suppliers, foreign imports, technological advances, government policies, industry organizations, and future trends have on the profitability of industry players. While it was found that the level of competition in the industry is moderate, rapid advances in technology, increasingly stringent government policies on emission standards and boiler and heat exchanger efficiencies, as well as growing import competition may catalyze industry competition in the near future. The use of Porter’s five forces in this analysis suggests the need to consider the significance of technology and the challenges posed by imports through increasing globalization, as these factors could substantially change and disrupt the industry by reducing barriers to entry and by raising the threat of substitutes. As a result, the boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing landscape in the US could become much more competitive, which in turn, could diminish returns for industry operators. This could also change the structure of the industry with the inception of industry players that offer differentiated products and services. The question for industry groups and policy-makers is to what extent should these five forces be influenced, since the degree of support for or of counteraction to these forces will guide the future competitiveness and marketization of the boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing industry in the US.  

scholarly journals PRICE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BOND MARKETS

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Ivan BLAGUN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Bond Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The strengthening of globalization processes leads to a greater integration of the domestic financial market into the global financial market, especially bond market. Ukraine is under significant influence of world economic processes. In this context the impact that has on the state of the domestic market of Ukraine our financial market, as well as the actions of American financial regulators. On the background of the formation of excessive debt structure of the global financial market, including the US market, the financial market of Ukraine in recent time, there is also the nature of the debt market which is a key financial instrument is bonds, i.e. government bonds. Not less important and of the dual influence of the two basic segments of the financial market between market shares and bonds that affects the efficiencyof capital investors. The purposeis the research of the relationships that are formed between the markets of shares and bonds on the example of financial markets of the USA and Ukraine. Results. The price relationship between the bond markets of countries with different levels of development has been considered. For the basic indicators, characterizing the main parameters of the bond market the analysis of the influence of the US bond market to the domestic market, determined correlations between the rates of return on ten-year bonds. It has been established that the time series of the rate on ten-year bonds have signs of nonstationarity. Based on the identified nonstationarity time series were analyzed for cointegration. It is determined that the modeling-level rate bonds in Ukraine can be improved by applying advanced Sapsan the value of the rate of the bonds in the United States. Conclusions. The results do not indicate the manifestation of a dependence between the value of the rates of ten-year bonds in the United States and Ukraine. Also there is no dependence between the current growth rate of bonds. A more detailed analysis also showed the absence of long-term balance between the rates of these bonds. The analysis of the interaction between equity markets and bond between them showed that the existing dual influence should be viewed through the prism of external factors that can lead to very different behavior of these markets, on the one hand they are competitors, in terms of raising capital, on the other in some periods, they are characterized by complementarity.

The Politics of Early Programming Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-413
Author(s):  
David Nofre
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Scientific Computation ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Early Programming ◽  
The Us

There probably has never been such a controversial programming language as Algol. In the early 1960s the disciplinary success of the so-called Algol project in helping to forge the discipline of computer science was not matched by a significant adoption of the Algol language, in any of its three versions. This contrast is even more striking when considering the contemporary success of IBM’s Fortran, a language that, like Algol, was also conceived for scientific computation, but unlike Algol, initially only available for IBM computers. Through extensive archival research, this article shows how the relentless pursuit of a still better language that came to dominate the agenda of the Algol project brought to the fore the tension between the research-driven dimension of the project and the goal of developing a reliable programming language. Such a strong research-oriented agenda increased IBM’s doubts about a project that the firm already felt little urge to support. Yet IBM did not want to appear as obstructing the development of either Algol or Cobol, even if these “common languages” posed a clear risk to the firm’s marketing model. The US Department of Defense’s endorsement of Cobol and the rising popularity of Algol in Europe convinced IBM to push for the use of Fortran in Western Europe in order to protect the domestic market. IBM’s action in support of Fortran reminds us of the power imbalances that have shaped computer science.

World Price Transmission for Differentiated Products: The Case of Shrimp in the US Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Nguyen ◽  
Henry W. Kinnucan
Keyword(s):  
Price Transmission ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
World Price ◽  
The Us
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