scholarly journals Expressing Parallelism

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-130
Author(s):  
James Reinders ◽  
Ben Ashbaugh ◽  
James Brodman ◽  
Michael Kinsner ◽  
John Pennycook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Know How ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Parallel Code

Abstract Now we can put together our first collection of puzzle pieces. We already know how to place code (Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_2) and data (Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_3) on a device—all we must do now is engage in the art of deciding what to do with it. To that end, we now shift to fill in a few things that we have conveniently left out or glossed over so far. This chapter marks the transition from simple teaching examples toward real-world parallel code and expands upon details of the code samples we have casually shown in prior chapters.

scholarly journals AB1346-HPR REAL-WORLD EFFECTIVENESS AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF SYMPTOM CHECKERS IN RHEUMATOLOGY: INTERIM REPORT FROM THE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER BETTER STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1961.1-1961
Author(s):  
J. Knitza ◽  
J. Mohn ◽  
C. Bergmann ◽  
E. Kampylafka ◽  
M. Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Grant

Background:Symptom checkers (SC) promise to reduce diagnostic delay, misdiagnosis and effectively guide patients through healthcare systems. They are increasingly used, however little evidence exists about their real-life effectiveness.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, usage time, usability and perceived usefulness of two promising SC, ADA (www.ada.com) and Rheport (www.rheport.de). Furthermore, symptom duration and previous symptom checking was recorded.Methods:Cross-sectional interim clinical data from the first of three recruiting centers from the prospective, real-world, multicenter bETTeR-study (DKRS DRKS00017642) was used. Patients newly presenting to a secondary rheumatology outpatient clinic between September and December 2019 completed the ADA and Rheport SC. The time and answers were recorded and compared to the patient’s actual diagnosis. ADA provides up to 5 disease suggestions, Rheport calculates a risk score for rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) (≥1=RMD). For both SC the sensitivity, specificity was calculated regarding RMDs. Furthermore, patients completed a survey evaluating the SC usability using the system usability scale (SUS), perceived usefulness, previous symptom checking and symptom duration.Results:Of the 129 consecutive patients approached, 97 agreed to participate. 38% (37/97) of the presenting patients presented with an RMD (Figure 1). Mean symptom duration was 146 weeks and a mean number of 10 physician contacts occurred previously, to evaluate current symptoms. 56% (54/96) had previously checked their symptoms on the internet using search engines, spending a mean of 6 hours. Rheport showed a sensitivity of 49% (18/37) and specificity of 58% (35/60) concerning RMDs. ADA’s top 1 and top 5 disease suggestions concerning RMD showed a sensitivity of 43% (16/37) and 54% (20/37) and a specificity of 58% (35/60) and 52% (31/60), respectively. ADA listed the correct diagnosis of the patients with RMDs first or within the first 5 disease suggestions in 19% (7/37) and 30% (11/37), respectively. The average perceived usefulness for checking symptoms using ADA, internet search engines and Rheport was 3.0, 3.5 and 3.1 on a visual analog scale from 1-5 (5=very useful). 61% (59/96) and 64% (61/96) would recommend using ADA and Rheport, respectively. The mean SUS score of ADA and Rheport was 72/100 and 73/100. The mean usage time for ADA and Rheport was 8 and 9 minutes, respectively.Conclusion:This is the first prospective, real-world, multicenter study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and other features of two currently used SC in rheumatology. These interim results suggest that diagnostic accuracy is limited, however SC are well accepted among patients and in some cases, correct diagnosis can be provided out of the pocket within few minutes, saving valuable time.Figure:Acknowledgments:This study was supported by an unrestricted research grant from Novartis.Disclosure of Interests:Johannes Knitza Grant/research support from: Research Grant: Novartis, Jacob Mohn: None declared, Christina Bergmann: None declared, Eleni Kampylafka Speakers bureau: Novartis, BMS, Janssen, Melanie Hagen: None declared, Daniela Bohr: None declared, Elizabeth Araujo Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Abbott, Matthias Englbrecht Grant/research support from: Roche Pharma, Chugai Pharma Europe, Consultant of: AbbVie, Roche Pharma, RheumaDatenRhePort GbR, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celgene, Chugai Pharma Europe, Lilly, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Pharma, UCB, David Simon Grant/research support from: Else Kröner-Memorial Scholarship, Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis, Lilly, Arnd Kleyer Consultant of: Lilly, Gilead, Novartis,Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Timo Meinderink: None declared, Wolfgang Vorbrüggen: None declared, Cay-Benedict von der Decken: None declared, Stefan Kleinert Shareholder of: Morphosys, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis, Celgene, Roche, Chugai, Janssen, Andreas Ramming Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Gilead, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Janssen, Jörg Distler Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Paid instructor for: Boehringer Ingelheim, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Peter Bartz-Bazzanella: None declared, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche and UCB, Axel Hueber Grant/research support from: Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Speakers bureau: GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Martin Welcker Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Novartis, UCB, Hexal, BMS, Lilly, Roche, Celgene, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abbvie, Actelion, Aescu, Amgen, Celgene, Hexal, Janssen, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Aescu, Amgen, Biogen, Berlin Chemie, Celgene, GSK, Hexal, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB

Party Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Sarah Quebec Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Problem Solvers

In this month's Problem Solvers Solutions, second and fifth graders solve a problem that provides a real-world context relevant to students' lives, while addressing mathematical concepts including addition, division, negative numbers, and the mean. The experiences of the diverse grade range of students demonstrate that the task has multiple entry points and can be implemented in a variety of ways. Each month, this section of the Problem Solvers department showcases students' in-depth thinking and discusses the classroom results of using problems presented in previous issues of Teaching Children Mathematics. Find detailed submission guidelines for all departments at http://www.nctm.org/WriteForTCM.

scholarly journals Are There 1031 Virus Particles on Earth, or More, or Fewer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mushegian
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Know How ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACT The number of virus particles on Earth is frequently reported in the scientific literature and in general-interest publications as being on the order of 1031, with some confusion about whether this is a high or low estimate. This number is often given without a source, although it should be attributed to a paper by Hendrix et al. published in 1999 (R. W. Hendrix, M. C. Smith, R. N. Burns, M. E. Ford, and G. F. Hatfull, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:2192–2197, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.5.2192). As with any oft-repeated statistic, it is informative to know how it has been derived and whether it should be revised in the light of new evidence. I review the history of the 1031 estimate and use more recent assessments of the number of bacterial and viral particles in various habitats to conclude that the best estimate of the number of virus particles on Earth (“the Hendrix product”) remains close to 1031 and is unlikely to be either much less or much more than that.

scholarly journals Cell BLAST: Searching large-scale scRNA-seq databases via unbiased cell embedding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jie Cao ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Shen Lu ◽  
De-Chang Yang ◽  
Ge Gao
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Link Type ◽  
One Stop ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractAn effective and efficient cell-querying method is critical for integrating existing scRNA-seq data and annotating new data. Herein, we present Cell BLAST, an accurate and robust cell-querying method. Powered by a well-curated reference database and a user-friendly Web server, Cell BLAST (http://cblast.gao-lab.org) provides a one-stop solution for real-world scRNA-seq cell querying and annotation.

scholarly journals Measuring the effects of a personalized music intervention on agitated behaviors among nursing home residents with dementia: design features for cluster-randomized adaptive trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. McCreedy ◽  
Roee Gutman ◽  
Rosa Baier ◽  
James L. Rudolph ◽  
Kali S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Real World ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptive Trial

Abstract Background Agitated and aggressive behaviors (behaviors) are common in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. Medications commonly used to manage behaviors have dangerous side effects. NHs are adopting non-pharmacological interventions to manage behaviors, despite a lack of effectiveness evidence and an understanding of optimal implementation strategies. We are conducting an adaptive trial to evaluate the effects of personalized music on behaviors. Adaptive trials may increase efficiency and reduce costs associated with traditional RCTs by learning and making modifications to the trial while it is ongoing. Methods We are conducting two consecutive parallel cluster-randomized trials with 54 NHs in each trial (27 treatment, 27 control). Participating NHs were recruited from 4 corporations which differ in size, ownership structure, geography, and residents’ racial composition. After randomization, there were no significant differences between the NHs randomized to each trial with respect to baseline behaviors, number of eligible residents, degree of cognitive impairment, or antipsychotic use. Agitated behavior frequency is assessed via staff interviews (primary outcome), required nursing staff conducted resident assessments (secondary outcome), and direct observations of residents (secondary outcome). Between the two parallel trials, the adaptive design will be used to test alternative implementation strategies, increasingly enroll residents who are likely to benefit from the intervention, and seamlessly conduct a stage III/IV trial. Discussion This adaptive trial allows investigators to estimate the impact of a popular non-pharmaceutical intervention (personalized music) on residents’ behaviors, under pragmatic, real-world conditions testing two implementation strategies. This design has the potential to reduce the research timeline by improving the likelihood of powered results, increasingly enrolling residents most likely to benefit from intervention, sequentially assessing the effectiveness of implementation strategies in the same trial, and creating a statistical model to reduce the future need for onsite data collection. The design may also increase research equity by enrolling and tailoring the intervention to populations otherwise excluded from research. Our design will inform pragmatic testing of other interventions with limited efficacy evidence but widespread stakeholder adoption because of the real-world need for non-pharmaceutical approaches. {2a} Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03821844. Registered on January 30, 2019. This trial registration meets the World Health Organization (WHO) minimum standard.

scholarly journals Pyronaridine–artesunate real-world safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in malaria patients in 5 African countries: A single-arm, open-label, cohort event monitoring study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. e1003669
Author(s):  
Gaston Tona Lutete ◽  
Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma ◽  
Serge-Brice Assi ◽  
Jude D. Bigoga ◽  
Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Real World ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Event Monitoring ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Cohort Event Monitoring

Background In Phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trials for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria, pyronaridine–artesunate demonstrated high efficacy and a safety profile consistent with that of comparators, except that asymptomatic, mainly mild-to-moderate transient increases in liver aminotransferases were reported for some patients. Hepatic safety, tolerability, and effectiveness have not been previously assessed under real-world conditions in Africa. Methods and findings This single-arm, open-label, cohort event monitoring study was conducted at 6 health centers in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, and Republic of Congo between June 2017 and April 2019. The trial protocol as closely as possible resembled real-world clinical practice for the treatment of malaria at the centers. Eligible patients were adults or children of either sex, weighing at least 5 kg, with acute uncomplicated malaria who did not have contraindications for pyronaridine–artesunate treatment as per the summary of product characteristics. Patients received fixed-dose pyronaridine–artesunate once daily for 3 days, dosed by body weight, without regard to food intake. A tablet formulation was used in adults and adolescents and a pediatric granule formulation in children and infants under 20 kg body weight. The primary outcome was the hepatic event incidence, defined as the appearance of the clinical signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity confirmed by a >2× rise in alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) versus baseline in patients with baseline ALT/AST >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN). As a secondary outcome, this was assessed in patients with ALT/AST >2× ULN prior to treatment versus a matched cohort of patients with normal baseline ALT/AST. The safety population comprised 7,154 patients, of mean age 13.9 years (standard deviation (SD) 14.6), around half of whom were male (3,569 [49.9%]). Patients experienced 8,560 malaria episodes; 158 occurred in patients with baseline ALT/AST elevations >2×ULN. No protocol-defined hepatic events occurred following pyronaridine–artesunate treatment of malaria patients with or without baseline hepatic dysfunction. Thus, no cohort comparison could be undertaken. Also, as postbaseline clinical chemistry was only performed where clinically indicated, postbaseline ALT/AST levels were not systematically assessed for all patients. Adverse events of any cause occurred in 20.8% (1,490/7,154) of patients, most frequently pyrexia (5.1% [366/7,154]) and vomiting (4.2% [303/7,154]). Adjusting for Plasmodium falciparum reinfection, clinical effectiveness at day 28 was 98.6% ([7,369/7,746] 95% confidence interval (CI) 98.3 to 98.9) in the per-protocol population. There was no indication that comorbidities or malnutrition adversely affected outcomes. The key study limitation was that postbaseline clinical biochemistry was only evaluated when clinically indicated. Conclusions Pyronaridine–artesunate had good tolerability and effectiveness in a representative African population under conditions similar to everyday clinical practice. These findings support pyronaridine–artesunate as an operationally useful addition to the management of acute uncomplicated malaria. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03201770.

scholarly journals Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Tacrolimus in Patients With Lupus Nephritis: 5-year Interim Postmarketing Surveillance Study in Japan (TRUST)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Takeuchi ◽  
Naoko Wakasugi ◽  
Satoshi Uno ◽  
Hirofumi Makino
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Postmarketing Surveillance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Postmarketing Surveillance Study

Objective.To assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of tacrolimus for treating lupus nephritis (LN) in the real-world clinical setting.Methods.This is an ongoing, open-label, noncomparative, observational, postmarketing surveillance study conducted across 275 sites in Japan. Registered patients with LN were followed for 10 years. Here we report data relating to 5 years of tacrolimus maintenance therapy at the interim data cutoff in August 2016.Results.Of 1395 registered patients, 1355 received tacrolimus maintenance therapy for LN and provided safety data. The most common serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) included pneumonia (1.1%), herpes zoster (1.0%), cellulitis (1.0%), and diabetes mellitus (1.0%). ADR occurred mainly within the first 28 weeks of tacrolimus treatment, and no marked increase was observed during the follow-up period. Subgroup analyses suggested that risk factors for commonly observed ADR associated with tacrolimus included inpatient management, LN disease severity, increasing age, abnormal renal or hepatic function, and comorbid or previous disease. The cumulative rate of progression to renal failure (based on the attending physician’s assessment) was 0.8% at Year 1 and 6.6% at Year 5. Cumulative relapse rates were 7.8% and 30.6%, respectively. Urine protein:creatinine ratio, serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels, complement C3 levels, and steroid-sparing effects were all significantly improved from 4 weeks after tacrolimus treatment initiation (P < 0.001) and were sustained over 5 years.Conclusion.Long-term tacrolimus maintenance treatment over 5 years in the real-world clinical setting was well tolerated and effective in a large population of patients with LN (www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01410747).

Optimal combinations of factors influencing the sustainability of Taiwanese firms

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Yi Lo ◽  
Wing-Keung Wong ◽  
Jessica Geovani
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Know How ◽  
Factors Influencing

PurposeThe authors aim to obtain the optimal combinations of factors from institutional environment adaptation mechanisms and internal resources or capabilities that influence the sustainability of a firm.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a new index, called the sustainability index, based on the stakeholder perspective by employing a corporate credit risk index, an evaluation of a firm's corporate governance, corporate financial performance and firm age. The authors then apply both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression Analysis and Fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to obtain the optimal models for firms' sustainability.FindingsThe OLS analysis shows that the variables including financial leverage, slack, innovation capability, manufacturing capability and human capital that have significant influences on the sustainability of firms. Our FsQCA analysis obtains configurations of several solutions for firm sustainability and concludes that the fit of combinations of institutional factors and/or internal resources and capabilities of a firm is related to its sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations in our new index include these: first, one may add more key metrics to measure the index; second, the findings do not provide any necessary nor a sufficient condition to get sustainability for sure. The limitations of using multiple regression analysis are that it is not able to reveal the combinations of causal conditions that can lead to the outcome in the real world as well as to the sustainability of a firm in our study. To overcome the limitations, the authors apply fsQCA analysis to identify combinations of causal conditions to a firm's sustainability in our study.Practical implicationsIntroducing the sustainability index enables us to find out all factors influencing the sustainability of a firm. The authors’ analysis can be used to identify combinations of causal conditions to lead to outcomes in the real world. Their analysis enables managers to know how to predict the sustainability of the firm. For example, the authors’ fsQCA analysis shows that low marketing capability will lead to the high sustainability of the firm. This information helps managers to make the decision or plan to achieve good results toward their businesses and get better allocate their resources and get a better investment.Social implicationsThe authors’ analysis can be used to identify combinations of causal conditions to lead to outcomes in the real world and enable managers to know how to predict the sustainability of the firm. A correct prediction can assist companies in developing their future operations, which would enhance their competitiveness vis-à-vis rivals during this time of global economic volatility, which, in turn, enables firms to perform better and employ more employees that could help the entire society.Originality/valueThe sustainability index the authors developed in our paper is new in the literature and the findings obtained by both OLS Regression Analysis and FsQCA are new in predicting a firm's sustainability. The authors’ findings are useful for academics, managers and policymakers in predicting and maintaining a firm's sustainability.

scholarly journals STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING IN ENGLISH ALIVE LEARNING THROUGH COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Winarsih Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
English Language ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
The Real ◽  
Know How ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Skills Learning

Student Centered Learning ‘SCL’ approach has major pedagogical benefits to identify and know how the responsibility of SCL puts on learners, for their own learning by using variety of English language actively as medium of instruction to class subjects. It involves students in more decision-making processes, and learns English by doing to class subjects learning. They are 90% doing participating and the real thing during class while students practicing English for real-world skills. Learning becomes more active, it becomes more memorable: because it is personalized, and relevant to the students’ own lives and experiences, it brings English ‘alive’, and makes it relevant to the real world. In the process of learning, the more actively involved students are in their own learning, the more they are likely to remember what they learn. By using communicative approach, English again becomes more ‘real’ and part of the students’ lives.

scholarly journals WHATSAPP (WA) DAN KONSEP JARAK SOSIAL BARU DI MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Afina Amna
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

<p>Abstract. Whatsapp (WA) as a new social media changes people's communication in cyberspace. Communication that initially can only be done in the real world, develops with the existence of cyberspace that makes communication can be done without having to meet, and can be done quickly and can be felt as if real. For this reason, this study aims to find out how public communication is before there is WA and after there is WA? Does WA change the concept of social distance for society? This research is important to do so that we know how WA as an active and massive communication media used by the community can change the concept of new social distance in society. The method used is qualitative data collection through interviews with several WA users. This interview was conducted by random sampling method with the selection of informants randomly. The theory used in this study is the theory of social distance. This study found that WA changed communication in cyberspace and WA also changed the concept of new social distance because after massive WA groups were used, people were free to disseminate information and had the right to comment without fear of social distance in the real world. People can also more easily realize their sympathies because groups in WA make it easier for them to carry out information and coordination to be able to carry out activities that show sympathy for others.</p><p><br />Keywords: Communication, Whatsapp, Social Distance</p>

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