Using Fluorescent Reporters to Monitor Autophagy in the Female Germline Cells in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Claire Jacomin ◽  
Ioannis P. Nezis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
Germline Cells ◽  
Female Germline

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster ovo locus, a gene required for sex determination of germline cells.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-803
Author(s):  
M D Garfinkel ◽  
A R Lohe ◽  
A P Mahowald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Germline Cells ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Female Germline

Abstract The Drosophila melanogaster ovo gene is required for survival and differentiation of female germline cells, apparently playing a role in germline sex determination. We recovered 60 kb of genomic DNA from its genetic location at 4E1,2 on the X chromosome. A transcription unit coding for an apparently female-specific germline-dependent 5-kb poly(A)+ RNA size class is located substantially in a 7-kb region, within which three DNA-detectable lesions for mutations that inactivate the ovo function are located at two sites approximately 4 kb apart. The breakpoint of a deficiency that removes the neighboring lethal complementation group shavenbaby (svb) but leaves the ovo function intact maps approximately 5 kb to the molecular left of the leftmost ovo mutant site. A class of mutations that inactivates both the svb function and the ovo function affects genomic DNA between the two ovo sites. Sequences required for the two genetic functions are partly overlapping. In spite of this overlap, P element-mediated gene transfer of a 10-kb genomic DNA segment containing the 5-kb poly(A)+ RNA transcription unit rescues the female sterility phenotypes of ovo mutations, but not the svb lethality.

scholarly journals A hobo Transgene That Encodes the P-Element Transposase in Drosophila melanogaster: Autoregulation and Cytotype Control of Transposase Activity

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Simmons ◽  
Kevin J Haley ◽  
Craig D Grimes ◽  
John D Raymond ◽  
Jarad B Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Alternate Splicing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Male Germline ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Transposase Expression

Abstract Drosophila were genetically transformed with a hobo transgene that contains a terminally truncated but otherwise complete P element fused to the promoter from the Drosophila hsp70 gene. Insertions of this H(hsp/CP) transgene on either of the major autosomes produced the P transposase in both the male and female germlines, but not in the soma. Heat-shock treatments significantly increased transposase activity in the female germline; in the male germline, these treatments had little effect. The transposase activity of two insertions of the H(hsp/CP) transgene was not significantly greater than their separate activities, and one insertion of this transgene reduced the transposase activity of P(ry+, Δ2-3)99B, a stable P transgene, in the germline as well as in the soma. These observations suggest that, through alternate splicing, the H(hsp/CP) transgene produces a repressor that feeds back negatively to regulate transposase expression or function in both the somatic and germline tissues. The H(hsp/CP) transgenes are able to induce gonadal dysgenesis when the transposase they encode has P-element targets to attack. However, this ability and the ability to induce P-element excisions are repressed by the P cytotype, a chromosomal/cytoplasmic state that regulates P elements in the germline.

scholarly journals Endocrine regulation of female germline stem cells in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Yoshinari ◽  
Yoshitomo Kurogi ◽  
Tomotsune Ameku ◽  
Ryusuke Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Female Germline

scholarly journals Molecular Spectrum of Spontaneousde NovoMutations in Male and Female Germline Cells ofDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Watanabe ◽  
Aya Takahashi ◽  
Masanobu Itoh ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano-Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Spectrum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Germline Cells ◽  
Female Germline

scholarly journals Gene Silencing Triggered by Non-LTR Retrotransposons in the Female Germline ofDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Robin ◽  
Séverine Chambeyron ◽  
Alain Bucheton ◽  
Isabelle Busseau
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Female Germline

AbstractSeveral studies have recently shown that the activity of some eukaryotic transposable elements is sensitive to the presence of homologous transgenes, suggesting the involvement of homology-dependent genesilencing mechanisms in their regulation. Here we provide data indicating that two non-LTR retrotransposons of Drosophila melanogaster are themselves natural triggers of homology-dependent gene silencing. We show that, in the female germline of D. melanogaster, fragments from the R1 or from the I retrotransposons can mediate silencing of chimeric transcription units into which they are inserted. This silencing is probably mediated by sequence identity with endogenous copies of the retrotransposons because it does not occur with a fragment from the divergent R1 elements of Bombyx mori, and, when a fragment of I is used, it occurs only in females containing functional copies of the I element. This silencing is not accompanied by cosuppression of the endogenous gene homologous to the chimeric transcription unit, which contrasts to some other silencing mechanisms in Drosophila. These observations suggest that in the female germline of D. melanogaster the R1 and I retrotransposons may self-regulate their own activity and their copy number by triggering homology-dependent gene silencing.

scholarly journals Heterochromatin-dependent transcription of satellite DNAs in the Drosophila melanogaster female germline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Wei ◽  
Danna G. Eickbush ◽  
Iain Speece ◽  
Amanda M. Larracuente
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Repeated Dnas ◽  
Female Germline ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTLarge blocks of tandemly repeated DNAs—satellite DNAs (satDNAs)—play important roles in heterochromatin formation and chromosome segregation. We know little about how satDNAs are regulated, however their misregulation is associated with genomic instability and human diseases. We use the Drosophila melanogaster germline as a model to study the regulation of satDNA transcription and chromatin. Here we show that complex satDNAs (>100-bp repeat units) are transcribed into long noncoding RNAs and processed into piRNAs (PIWI interacting RNAs). This satDNA piRNA production depends on the Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff complex and the transcription factor Moonshiner—a previously-described non-canonical pathway that licenses heterochromatin-dependent transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters. We show that this pathway is important for establishing heterochromatin at satDNAs. Therefore, satDNAs are regulated by piRNAs originating from their own genomic loci. This novel mechanism of satDNA regulation provides insight into the role of piRNA pathways in heterochromatin formation and genome stability.

scholarly journals iPLA2-VIA is required for healthy aging of neurons, muscle, and the female germline in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256738
Author(s):  
Surya Jyoti Banerjee ◽  
Adina Schonbrun ◽  
Sogol Eizadshenass ◽  
Shimshon Benji ◽  
Yaakov Tzvi Cantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Mutant Female ◽  
Neuronal Tissues ◽  
Female Germline

Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a growing health burden worldwide, but its causes and treatments remain elusive. Although most cases of ND are sporadic, rare familial cases have been attributed to single genes, which can be investigated in animal models. We have generated a new mutation in the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) VIA gene CG6718, the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of human PLA2G6/PARK14, mutations in which cause a suite of NDs collectively called PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). Our mutants display age-related loss of climbing ability, a symptom of neurodegeneration in flies. Although phospholipase activity commonly is presumed to underlie iPLA2-VIA function, locomotor decline in our mutants is rescued by a transgene carrying a serine-to-alanine mutation in the catalytic residue, suggesting that important functional aspects are independent of phospholipase activity. Additionally, we find that iPLA2-VIA knockdown in either muscle or neurons phenocopies locomotor decline with age, demonstrating its necessity in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridization shows high endogenous iPLA2-VIA mRNA expression in adult germ cells, and transgenic HA-tagged iPLA2-VIA colocalizes with mitochondria there. Mutant males are fertile with normal spermatogenesis, while fertility is reduced in mutant females. Mutant female germ cells display age-related mitochondrial aggregation, loss of mitochondrial potential, and elevated cell death. These results suggest that iPLA2-VIA is critical for mitochondrial integrity in the Drosophila female germline, which may provide a novel context to investigate its functions with parallels to PLAN.

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