Mapping Functional Domains of Transcription Factors

2011 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Enamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Functional Domains

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Genes Responsible for Red Coleoptiles in Triticum Monococcum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Cao ◽  
Jiequn Fan ◽  
Xingyuan Xi ◽  
Yuan Zong ◽  
Dongxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Key Genes

Red coleoptiles can help crops to cope with adversity and the key genes that are responsible for this trait have previously been isolated from Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii. This report describes the use of transcriptome analysis to determine the candidate gene that controls the trait for white coleoptiles in T. monococcum by screening three cultivars with white coleoptiles and two with red coleoptiles. Fifteen structural genes and two transcription factors that are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified from the assembled UniGene database through BLAST analysis and their transcript levels were then compared in white and red coleoptiles. The majority of the structural genes reflected lower transcript levels in the white than in the red coleoptiles, which implied that transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis could be candidate genes. The transcript levels of MYC transcription factor TmMYC-A1 were not significantly different between the white and red coleoptiles and all of the TmMYC-A1s contained complete functional domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the MYB transcription factor TmMYB-A1 in red coleoptiles was homologous to TuMYB-A1, TaMYB-A1, TaMYB-B1, and TaMYB-D1, which control coleoptile color in corresponding species and contained the complete R2R3 MYB domain and the transactivation domain. TmMYB-a1 lost its two functional domains in white coleoptiles due to a single nucleotide deletion that caused premature termination at 13 bp after the initiation codon. Therefore, TmMYB-A1 is likely to be the candidate gene for the control of the red coleoptile trait, and its loss-of-function mutation leads to the white phenotype in T. monococcum.

Steroid hormone receptor homologs in development

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Oro ◽  
Kazuhiko Umesono ◽  
Ronald M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Segmentation Gene ◽  
Thyroid Receptor

The steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily are liganddependent transcription factors which consist of distinct functional domains required for transcriptional control of a network of genes. Members of this superfamily are beginning to be studied for their contribution to embryogenesis. Two human receptors for the vertebrate morphogen retinoic acid have been isolated and further characterized on model promoters. Moreover, the presence of homologs of these receptors in Drosophila reveals that members of this superfamily predate the divergence of the vertebrates and invertebrates. One locus is knirpsrelated (knrl), whose product is closely related to that of the gap segmentation gene knirps (kni). knrl is one of the most diverged steroid receptor-like molecules and displays a spatially restricted blastoderm pattern.

scholarly journals Transcription factors and their genes in higher plants. Functional domains, evolution and regulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansen Liu ◽  
Michael J. White ◽  
Thomas H. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Functional Domains

scholarly journals Functional Mapping of Transcription Factor Grf10 That Regulates Adenine-Responsive and Filamentation Genes inCandida albicans

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanaporn Wangsanut ◽  
Joshua M. Tobin ◽  
Ronda J. Rolfes
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Activation Domains ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

ABSTRACTGrf10, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, regulates adenylate and one-carbon metabolism and morphogenesis in the human fungal pathogenCandida albicans. Here, we identified functional domains and key residues involved in transcription factor activity using one-hybrid and mutational analyses. We localized activation domains to the C-terminal half of the Grf10 protein by one-hybrid analysis and identified motifs using bioinformatic analyses; one of the characterized activation domains (AD1) responded to temperature. The LexA-Grf10 fusion protein activated thelexAop-HIS1reporter in an adenine-dependent fashion, and this activation was independent of Bas1, showing that the adenine limitation signal is transmitted directly to Grf10. Overexpression of LexA-Grf10 led to filamentation, and this required a functioning homeodomain, consistent with Grf10 controlling the expression of key filamentation genes; filamentation induced by LexA-Grf10 overexpression was independent of adenine levels and Bas1. Alanine substitutions were made within the conserved interaction regions (IR) of LexA-Grf10 and Grf10 to investigate roles in transcription. In LexA-Grf10, the D302A mutation activated transcription constitutively, and the E305A mutation was regulated by adenine. When these mutations were introduced into the native gene locus, the D302A mutation was unable to complement the ADE phenotype and did not promote filamentation under hypha-inducing conditions; the E305A mutant behaved as the native gene with respect to the ADE phenotype and was partially defective in inducing hyphae. These results demonstrate allele-specific responses with respect to the different phenotypes, consistent with perturbations in the ability of Grf10 to interact with multiple partner proteins.IMPORTANCEMetabolic adaptation and morphogenesis are essential forCandida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, to survive and infect diverse body sites in the mammalian host.C. albicansutilizes transcription factors to tightly control the transcription of metabolic genes and morphogenesis genes. Grf10, a critical homeodomain transcription factor, controls purine and one-carbon metabolism in response to adenine limitation, and Grf10 is necessary for the yeast-to-hypha morphological switching, a known virulence factor. Here, we carried out one-hybrid and mutational analyses to identify functional domains of Grf10. Our results show that Grf10 separately regulates metabolic and morphogenesis genes, and it contains a conserved protein domain for protein partner interaction, allowing Grf10 to control the transcription of multiple distinct pathways. Our findings contribute significantly to understanding the role and mechanism of transcription factors that control multiple pathogenic traits inC. albicans.

GATA transcription factors in enteroepithelial differentiation

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A504-A504
Author(s):  
N BELAGULI ◽  
D BERGER
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gata Transcription Factors
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