Rediscovering the EKC Hypothesis on the High and Low Globalized OECD Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Alexandra Leal ◽  
António Cardoso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis

Can labor productivity growth reduce carbon emission? Evidence from OECD countries and China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Wanshu Ma ◽  
Vivian Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the challenges involved in the trade-offs of labor productivity and per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emission.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, we used a balanced dataset of 36 OECD countries and China between 1990 and 2018. We examined the relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission for OECD countries and China based on an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Further, the fixed effects model of estimation was employed to examine the impact of variables during the sample period and explore the relationship between predictor and outcome variables within an entity while controlling for all time-invariant differences.FindingsThis study confirmed the existence of the N-shape EKC hypothesis in 36 OECD countries and China. This implies that at the initial development stage, per capita CO2 emission increased with labor productivity; however, after reaching certain threshold, per capita CO2 emission began to fall with rising labor productivity. Then the per capita CO2 emission rises again when labor productivity continually increases.Originality/valueIn this study, we explored the dynamic association between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China under the EKC framework from 1990 to 2018 by using the labor productivity and per capita CO2 emission as economic and environmental indicators of one country respectively. This study’s contribution showed the following: first, the empirical findings confirmed the N-shape relationship between labor productivity and per capita CO2 emissions for 36 OECD countries and China; second, the findings demonstrated that the association among the underlying variables by testing through the fixed effect model.

scholarly journals The Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Semiparametric Approach with Cross-Sectional Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Alexandra Soberon ◽  
Irene D’Hers
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Semiparametric Approach ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence

This paper proposes a new approach to examine the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic developing. In particular, we propose to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for a panel of 24 OECD countries and 32 non-OECD countries by developing a more flexible estimation technique which enables to account for functional form misspecification, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneous relationships among variables, simultaneously. We propose a new nonparametric estimator that extends the well-known Common Correlated Effect (CCE) approach from a fully parametric framework to a semiparametric panel data model. Our results corroborates that the nature and validity of the income–pollution relationship based on the EKC hypothesis depends on the model assumptions about the functional form specification. For all the countries analyzed, the proposed semiparametric estimator leads to non-monotonically increasing or decreasing relationships for CO2 emissions, depending on the level of economic development of the country.

Rediscovering the EKC hypothesis for the 20 highest CO2 emitters among OECD countries by level of globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Hipólito Leal ◽  
António Cardoso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis

Evidence-based regulation of labour migration in OECD countries: setting quotas, selection criteria, and shortage lists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chaloff
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Almost All

The growing complexity of selection criteria for discretionary labour migration in OECD countries has been accompanied by an expanded demand for labour market analysis and consultation with stakeholders. While some features of general or detailed criteria may be fixed in legislation, numerical quotas or targets, shortage lists, and multiple-criteria points-based systems are generally subject to periodic review and revision based on labour market data and consultation with stakeholders. Official government bodies have maintained co-ordination of this process, with varying degrees of externalization. In most countries expertise is internal, with recourse to external mandated bodies rare. In almost all cases, however, the process is designed to promote consensus around the policy while maintaining political control.

Effects of Financial Inclusion on Startup Establishment in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Thi Thanh Van ◽  
Nguyen Thuc Trang
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Financial Index ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Financial inclusion and startup are two topics, which recently get attention of academic researchers and policy makers in Vietnam. One of the important factors for setting up a successful startup is the financial capability of the owners. Therefore, financial inclusion has a strong correlation with startup establishment. This article tested the effects of several factors in financial index (findex) developed by World Bank on startup establishment in some OECD countries. The result showed that borrowing from friends and relatives along with from credit institutions and opening a debit account at banks have  significant impacts on startup establishment in these countries. Finally, the article presented several recommendations for policy makers to stimulate the startup growth in Vietnam in the next time. Key words startup, financial inclusion, startup establishment References 1. Colman Msoka (2015), “Financial inclusion and microfinance in Tanzania”, Inclusive growth: Tanzania Country Report2. Endeavor-GEM, 2011, “High-Impact Entrepreneurship Global Report”3. Eric Ries, 2012, “The Lean Startup” book”, http://www.stpia.ir/files/The%20Lean%20Startup%20.pdf 4. European Startup Monitor, 2015, “European Startup Monitor 2015”, http://europeanstartupmonitor.com/fileadmin/presse/download/esm_2015.pdf 5. Jennifer Dahlin Ivarsson (2014), “Mobile-banking and entrepreneurship: Is there a link? A case study on South Africa”, Nationalekonomiska Institutionen, Box 7082, ISSN 0283 – 15896. Maher Al-Mahouq (2010), “Success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs): The case of Jordan”, Anadol University jourmal of social sciences, Cilt/Vol.: 10 – Say/No:1-16 (2010)7. Mohammed S.Chowdhury (2013), “Success factors of entrepreneurs of small and medium sized enterprises: Evidence from Banladesh”, Business and Economic Research, ISSN 2162 – 4860, 2013, Vol.3, No.2.8. OECD, 2015, “Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2015”9. Roman Angela, 2011, “SME’s sector access to finance: An overview”10. Yao Wang, 2014, “What are the biggest obstacles to growth of SMEs in developing countries? An empirical evidence from an enterprise survey”, JED 210 Paper

Firm Size and Public Policies for Business R&D Expenditures in OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24660396 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Youngho Kang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Oecd Countries
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