The EU Defence Against a New Type of Threat: Corruption. The Norwegian Legal Responses an Example to Be Followed

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Pilar Otero
Keyword(s):  
Legal Responses ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals New woodland beetle species (Coleoptera) in Estonian fauna

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmar Süda
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
New Type ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Eu Habitats Directive ◽  
The Eu

Metsamardikate (Coleoptera) uued liigid Eestis The article presents faunistic data on 85 species of Coleoptera new to the Estonian fauna. Most of the material has been collected within the framework of various research and monitoring projects carried out in Estonian nature reserves (1998-2009). A new type of trunk window trap, designed by the author in 2004 mainly for monitoring purposes, has been successfully used. 17 of the 85 species are new for the fauna of whole Baltic region: Pseudeuglenes pentatomus (Ths.) (Aderidae), Caenocara subglobosum (Muls. & Rey), Xyletinus tremulicola Y. Kangas (Anobiidae), Choragus sheppardi Kirby (Anthribidae), Cryptocephalus saliceti Zebe (Chrysomelidae), Dirrhagofarsus attenuatus (Mäklin), Hylis cariniceps (Rtt.), Microrhagus emyi (Rouget) (Eucnemidae), Gnathoncus communis (Marseul) (Histeridae), Notolaemus unifasciatus (Latr.) (Laemophloeidae), Agathidium discoideum Er. (Leiodidae), Anisoxya fuscula (Ill.) (Melandryidae), Mordellistena neuwaldeggiana (Pz.) (Mordellidae), Ripidius quadriceps Abeille de Perrin (Rhipiphoridae), Lissodema cursor (Gyll.) (Salpingidae), Aphodius quadrimaculatus (L.) (Scarabaeidae) and Eutheia schaumii Kiesw. (Scydmaenidae). One of the species, Caenocara subglobosum (Muls. & Rey) (Anobiidae), is new for the whole Northern Europe. Specimens of this species were collected from eastern and southern Estonia: most were caught in window traps but some also emerged from the collected fruiting bodies of Common Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum). For 21 new species, Estonia lies on the northern edge of their range. Three of these, Triphyllus bicolor (F.), Mycetophagus ater (Rtt.) and Glischrochilus grandis (Tournier) that were collected from 6-10 sites, have a wider distribution in Estonia. Two species, Xyletinus tremulicola Y. Kangas (Anobiidae) and Stephanopachys linearis (Kug.) (Bostrichidae), have been listed on Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Two new species (Lymantor aceris (Lindemann) and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratz.)) were also added to the list of Estonian bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

scholarly journals From Regulation to Enforcement in the EU Policy Cycle: A New Type of Functional Spillover?

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Scholten ◽  
Daniel Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Eu

Domestic Infringements of the Rule of Law as a European Union Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Safjan
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

In some countries of central Europe the rule of law is directly threatened by a new type of legislation based on the zeal of the political majority to establish a completely different political system than the one that was built after the collapse of the communist system. From that perspective, there is little place for the principle of separation of powers and the independence of the judiciary is threatened. This contribution discusses the multilevel dimension of the rule of law principle in the EU, issues in the context of the disrespect for the rule of law as a case of systemic deficiencies, followed by a brief discussion of the Copenhagen accession criteria. The article concludes that the rule of law principle as recognised under EU law is by no means of a merely symbolic nature, and that domestic legislation abolishing key safeguards of the rule of law can be scrutinized not only under the EU Charter of fundamental rights, where applicable, but also under the TEU. Without the solidarity of all Europeans, however, the preservation of our basic values and the future of the EU are in serious danger.

scholarly journals Dlaczego Putin wszczął wojnę przeciw Ukrainie?

Politeja ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (34/1)) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Mykoła Doroszko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
New Type ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Eu

Why Putin Started War Against Ukraine? The author analyzes the causes and consequences of undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine. Among the main reasons – the desire to restore Russian leadership’s geopolitical influence in the former Soviet Union by building a new type of empire. In order to reach it official Moscow uses a wide range of tools - from economic pressure and blackmail to armed aggression on the territories of the former USSR. The author is convinced that the annexation of the Crimea and the undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine were the result of revanchist policy of Russian President Vladimir Putin aimed at the return of influential world power status. Achieving this goal involves prevention of Europeanisation and democratization of post-Soviet countries, the main jewel among which is Ukraine. Exit from the influence of Russia is possible, according to the author, through the integration of Ukraine into the EU and NATO.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Futák-Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
New Type ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
The Eu

In considering EU foreign policy in practice, this book argues that a specific focus on practitioners’ (diplomats, bureaucrats, and public officials) interactions can offer insight into the way EU foreign policy is practised. An assessment of the practices of practitioners through a new type of data set and a new discursive framework demonstrates the significance of European identity, collective interests, and the role that normative and moral concerns play for EU practitioners when they consider EU foreign policy in the eastern neighbourhood. It also highlights that these four concepts are interlinked when they consider the policy, despite the commonly accepted understanding, even by practitioners, that the EU is a normative power in global affairs. These findings are relevant not only for understanding current developments in EU foreign policy, but also for allowing scholars, as well as practitioners, to move away from considering the EU exclusively as a normative power but perceiving it as a more complex power with a collective ‘European’ identity, collective understandings of European norms that are linked to collective moral concerns that at the same time all link to collective European interests. Currently there is a lot of discussion regarding the EU becoming a resilient, or pragmatic power. Only time and EU actions will tell what these terms mean in practice. However, this book is a testament to the fact that practitioners have always considered EU foreign policy beyond the normative. In this introduction I begin by providing some context for the book, followed by an explanation of, and rationale for, its theoretical and methodological approach, as well as an outline of the rest of the book’s structure....

scholarly journals The Huawei Case and Its Aftermath: a New Test for a New Type of Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Sofia Oliveira Pais
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Standard Essential Patents ◽  
The Us ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
New Type ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
The Eu

Competition law sets limits on the exercise of intellectual property rights by dominant companies, namely in cases involving standard essential patents (SEPs). This article will examine the framework for SEP owners’ right to seek an injunction, discussing competitive problems that such situations may cause as well as the solutions adopted by the European Institutions, comparing them with the US and Japanese approach, and finally reflecting upon the opportunity for a new test for a new type of abuse. Although the three legal orders – US, EU and Japan – apply different laws establishing a general presumption against injunctions in SEPs encumbered with FRAND commitments, their goal is the same: to protect the interest of the SEP holder to obtain a remuneration without an abusive recourse to injunctions. I will argue that, in the EU, the Huawei case created a new test for a new type of abuse, improving the comprehensibility and certainty for the companies involved in standardization across Europe and allowing the harmonization of national judicial solutions regarding the seeking of injunctions in the SEPs context. In spite of some uncertainties, the new test clarifies the role that competition rules should play in cases of abuses by SEPs owners

scholarly journals MEASURE OF LANDSCAPE HETEROGENEITY BY AGENT-BASED METHODOLOGY

2016 ◽  
Vol III-8 ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wirth ◽  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
A. Czinkóczky
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
New Type ◽  
Agricultural Diversity ◽  
The Eu

With the rapid increase of the world's population, the efficient food production is one of the key factors of the human survival. Since biodiversity and heterogeneity is the basis of the sustainable agriculture, the authors tried to measure the heterogeneity of a chosen landscape. The EU farming and subsidizing policies (EEA, 2014) support landscape heterogeneity and diversity, nevertheless exact measurements and calculations apart from statistical parameters (standard deviation, mean), do not really exist. In the present paper the authors’ goal is to find an objective, dynamic method that measures landscape heterogeneity. It is achieved with the so called agent-based modelling, where randomly dispatched dynamic scouts record the observed land cover parameters and sum up the features of a new type of land. During the simulation the agents collect a Monte Carlo integral as a diversity landscape potential which can be considered as the unit of the ‘greening’ measure. As a final product of the ABM method, a landscape potential map is obtained that can serve as a tool for objective decision making to support agricultural diversity.

Third-Party Releases in Insolvency of Multinational Enterprise Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-140
Author(s):  
Ilya Kokorin
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Insolvency Law ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
Enterprise Groups ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Europe is experiencing the rise of restructuring proceedings, which has recently culminated in the adoption of the Restructuring Directive. While being a major achievement in harmonising substantive (pre)insolvency law in the EU, it lacks rules targeting restructuring of multinational enterprise groups. As a result, effectiveness of group reorganisations may be undermined. Nevertheless, some jurisdictions adopt innovative tools, facilitating group solutions. Among them – third-party releases. Such releases entail a total or partial discharge or amendment of claims against third parties, such as co-obligors, guarantors and collateral providers (typically, group members) in the insolvency or restructuring proceeding of the principal debtor.The diversity of approaches to third-party releases highlights their controversial nature. Such releases may frustrate legitimate expectations of creditors relying on cross-guarantees and other forms of cross-liability arrangements. Extending the effects of debt reorganisation to third parties in the absence of a separate insolvency proceeding may also run contrary to the longstanding views on corporate insolvency and entity shielding. This article argues that a single-entity-restructuring risks being short-sighted and that third-party releases are a matter of commercial necessity, synchronising legal responses with actual business models and better addressing the complexity of group interdependencies, realised through various intra-group liability arrangements.

scholarly journals Security systems of the European Union and Europe: difficulties of identification, transformation prospects, postnational context

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Nikolai Nikolaevich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Security System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
New Type ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article discusses a number of questions associated with security systems of the European Union and Europe. Special attention is given to the problem of identification of boundaries of functionality of these systems under the influence of various regional and global processes. The author examines the peculiarities and prospects of transformation of the EU security system and its elements, as well as the potential impact of these transformations upon the relations with other interested actors of international relations (United States and Russia). The article describes the key defense initiatives of the European Union that can contribute to intensification of integration processes in the union and propel the European Union to the whole new level of integration. The novelty of this work consists in the analysis of integration processes in the area of defense and security within the framework of postnationalism and postnational identity of the European Union, and this, based on the EU citizenship. The author reveals the factors promoting the creation of a new type of defense institution, as well as the factors impeding this process. Based on the studied materials, the author anticipates the possibility of establishment of the autonomous EU defense agency. This research is conducted in the period of political instability caused by a number of regional and global challenges for the European Union, namely the major challenge of 2019 – 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The production and financial achievement of the agricultural co-operatives in 2002-2007

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Mónika Harangi-Rákos
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was the examination of the achievement of the Hungarian agricultural enterprises – special regard to the agricultural co-operatives – based on the aggregated database of Hungarian Tax and Financial Control Administration (APEH), from the database of the Research Institute of Agricultural Economics. From the methodological aspect plain statistical devices were used, indicators for corporate analyses werecalculated and analyzed for the time series. One important conclusion is that the socio-economic weight of the agricultural co-operatives was strongly decreased in the period after the EU accession. The other important statement is that over the general examination of economic actors on an aggregated level the comparative analysis of the single enterprises forms would be needed. In the case of the co-operatives the separated examination of the former type producer co-operatives and the new type co-operatives would be necessary

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