A Fractal Approach to Explore Australian Urban Form and Its Impacting Factors at Neighbourhood Scale

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Jia ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Scott N. Lieske ◽  
Tian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Fractal Approach ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale

Neighbourhood Environmental Contribution and Health. A novel indicator integrating urban form and urban green

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Zepp ◽  
Luis Inostroza ◽  
Robynne Sutcliffe ◽  
Salman Ahmed ◽  
Susanne Moebus
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Environmental Contribution ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between urban green, urban form and health remains unclear. This research explores health and urban green as well as urban structure as constituents of urban form. The objective was to develop a novel indicator (Neighbourhood Environmental Contribution, NEC) to analyse the spatial relationship between urban green and health (diabetes, mental health and self-rated health) on the neighbourhood scale. NEC performs more stably when regression models are adjusted for confounders. This suggests that better representations of urban form including the built-up structure of urban areas are promising.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood-scale flow regimes and pollution transport in cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Bannister ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Jian Zhong ◽  
Rob MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale ◽  
Quantitative Definition

<p>Cities intimately intermingle people and air pollution. However, is very difficult to assess the efficacy of air pollution policy. Permanent in-situ observations are usually too sparsely spaced to monitor transport processes within a city. The post-processing and maintenance costs associated with calibrated low-cost sensors remains too high for them simply to fill the gaps in permanent networks. The behaviour of pollutants around the scale of a neighbourhood (1-2km) remains particularly difficult to interpret and model. This gap in our understanding is unfortunate because neighbourhood-scale processes disperse pollutants from peaks beside busy roads to levels treated as the ‘urban background’, and may link urban pollution models with weather forecasts.</p><p>Urban areas can be treated as patches of porous media to which the wind adjusts by changing its mean and turbulent components. Most cities around the world are made up of lots of neighbourhoods of differing form, density and land use – e.g. commercial centres interspaced with low-rise residential neighbourhoods. For cities whose urban form varies in this way, we formulated two neighbourhood-scale flow regimes, based on the size and density of the different neighbourhood patches.</p><p>We used large-eddy simulation to investigate how these two dynamical regimes emerge in patchy neighbourhoods, and their implications for pollution policy and research. We found that these flow regimes distribute pollutants in counter-intuitive ways, such as producing pollution ‘hot spots’ in less dense patches. The flow regimes also provide: (a) a quantitative definition of the ‘urban background’, which can be used for more precisely targeted pollution monitoring; and (b) a conceptual basis for neighbourhood-scale air pollution problems and transport of fluid constituents in other porous media.</p>

GIS-based Estimation of Function Mix in Urban Environment at Neighbourhood Scale

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgis Zagorskas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale ◽  
Urban Consumption

Urban consumption is growing with every year and the studies of urban form, density, transportation, and infrastructure are becoming more popular research topics. Mixed-use development is widely recognized and discussed subject of urban sustainability. It helps to cope with energy and transportation related problems in urban environment, forms walking-friendly, economically and socially vital communities. Although mixed land use is the key planning principle of sustainable development and this term frequently appears in the urban planning strategies and literature, it is rarely elaborated upon with substantive and empirical support. Furthermore – the standard mathematical models and methods for quantifying this parameter in most cases are meant for macro-scale, e.g. comparison between cities, districts. This approach miss the human scale – the scale of walkable neighbourhood, and is not suitable to support local planning decisions and detailed measures. This study performs functional mix analysis of Klaipėda City (Lithuania) with emphasis on neighbourhood scale. The demonstrated model proves the importance of scale factor and adds another dimension to existing methods providing background for micro-scale studies of urban form.

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

PERKEMBANGANKAWASAN PECINAN SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Monica Latu Melati ◽  
Ariadne Kristia Nataya ◽  
Alfonsus Arianto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Cultural Artefact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special District

Abstract:Semarang Chinatown  is a special  district in Semarang City  known with its chineese culture, where chineese citizen of Semarang have been living  for centuries. The sustained chineese culture in this area makes Semarang Chinatwon as an urban heritage and cultural artefact in Semarang City. The aims for this paper are to investigate the factors shaping Chinatown Semarang, the development of Chinatown Semarang from time  to time, the urban form elements in Semarang Chinatown, and the correlation between morphological components of Semarang Chinatown. This writing use some review methods, first theoritical overview to get secondary data about physical or non-physical factors forming city, second observation area such as collecting photos and interviewing to get primary data. Data review analysis use qualitative data analysis which is configure with the problems and aims that have been appointed.Keywords:elements of urban form, morphological components, history of Semarang ChinatownAbstrak: Kawasan Pecinan Semarang adalah sebuah kawasan di kota Semarang yang sangat kental dengan budaya Tionghoa. Di sinilah warga keturunan Tionghoa sejak berabad-abad silam menetap di Semarang. Adanya budaya Tionghoa yang masih sangat terjaga menjadikan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang ini sebagai kawasan urban heritage dan artefact budaya di kota Semarang. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menemukan faktor pembentuk Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, mengetahui perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang dari masa ke masa, mengetahui pola bentuk dan elemen kawasan pada Kawasan Pecinan Semarang, serta mengetahui kaitan antara faktor pembentuk kawasan terhadap perkembangan Kawasan Pecinan Semarang. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kajian berupa tinjauan teori untuk memperoleh data sekunder mengenai faktor-faktor pembentuk kota baik secara fisik maupun non fisik, serta observasi lapangan berupa pengumpulan foto yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara untuk memperoleh data primer. Analisis data kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif yang disesuaikan dengan permasalahan dan tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.Kata kunci:Elemen Kawasan, Faktor Pembentuk Kawasan, PerkembanganSejarah Kawasan Pecinan Semarang

Urban Renewal in Historical Cities in China: Exploring Methods based on Urban Form Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Wenyong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Urban Form
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