Improving Urban and Peri-urban Health Outcomes Through Early Detection and Aid Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
Kathryn Grace ◽  
Alan T. Murray ◽  
Ran Wei
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Urban Health

scholarly journals Examining the impact of mental disease on type 2 diabetes outcomes: results from the EpiChron Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Guerrero Fernández de Alba ◽  
A Gimeno-Miguel ◽  
B Poblador Plou ◽  
K Bliek Bueno ◽  
J Carmona Pirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by other chronic diseases, including mental diseases (MD). This work aimed at studying MD prevalence in T2D patients and analyse its impact on T2D health outcomes. Methods Retrospective, observational study of individuals of the EpiChron Cohort aged 18 and over with prevalent T2D at baseline (2011) in Aragón, Spain (n = 63,365). Participants were categorized by the existence or absence of MD, defined as the presence of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia or substance abuse. MD prevalence was calculated, and a logistic regression model was performed to analyse the likelihood of the four studied health outcomes (4-year all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, T2D-hospitalization, and emergency room visits) based on the presence of each type of MD, after adjusting by age, sex and number of comorbidities. Results Mental diseases were observed in 19% of T2D patients, with depression being the most frequent condition, especially in women (20.7% vs. 7.57%). Mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with MD (odds ratio -OR- 1.24; 95% confidence interval -CI- 1.16-1.31), especially in those with substance abuse (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.84-2.57) and schizophrenia (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.50-2.21). The presence of MD also increased the risk of T2D-hospitalization (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.18-1.93), emergency room visits (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.21-1.32) and all-cause hospitalization (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.10-1.23). Conclusions The high prevalence of MD among T2D patients, and its association with health outcomes, underscores the importance of providing integrated, person-centred care and early detection of comorbid mental diseases in T2D patients to improve disease management and health outcomes. Key messages Comprehensive care of T2D should include specific strategies for prevention, early detection, and management of comorbidities, especially mental disorders, in order to reduce their impact on health. Substance abuse was the mental disease with the highest risk of T2D-hospitalization, emergency room visits and all-cause hospitalization.

scholarly journals Urban health: an example of a “health in all policies” approach in the context of SDGs implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriana Ramirez-Rubio ◽  
Carolyn Daher ◽  
Gonzalo Fanjul ◽  
Mireia Gascon ◽  
Natalie Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Health In All Policies ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Urban Policies

Abstract Background Cities are an important driving force to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda. The SDGs provide an operational framework to consider urbanization globally, while providing local mechanisms for action and careful attention to closing the gaps in the distribution of health gains. While health and well-being are explicitly addressed in SDG 3, health is also present as a pre condition of SDG 11, that aims at inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities. Health in All Policies (HiAP) is an approach to public policy across sectors that systematically takes into account the health implications of decisions, seeks synergies, and avoids harmful health impacts in order to improve population health and health equity. HiAP is key for local decision-making processes in the context of urban policies to promote public health interventions aimed at achieving SDG targets. HiAPs relies heavily on the use of scientific evidence and evaluation tools, such as health impact assessments (HIAs). HIAs may include city-level quantitative burden of disease, health economic assessments, and citizen and other stakeholders’ involvement to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. The Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)‘s Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative provides an example of a successful model of translating scientific evidence into policy and practice with regards to sustainable and healthy urban development. The experiences collected through ISGlobal’s participation implementing HIAs in several cities worldwide as a way to promote HiAP are the basis for this analysis. Aim The aim of this article is threefold: to understand the links between social determinants of health, environmental exposures, behaviour, health outcomes and urban policies within the SDGs, following a HiAP rationale; to review and analyze the key elements of a HiAP approach as an accelerator of the SDGs in the context of urban and transport planning; and to describe lessons learnt from practical implementation of HIAs in cities across Europe, Africa and Latin-America. Methods We create a comprehensive, urban health related SDGs conceptual framework, by linking already described urban health dimensions to existing SDGs, targets and indicators. We discuss, taking into account the necessary conditions and steps to conduct HiAP, the main barriers and opportunities within the SDGs framework. We conclude by reviewing HIAs in a number of cities worldwide (based on the experiences collected by co-authors of this publication), including city-level quantitative burden of disease and health economic assessments, as practical tools to inform the integration of health recommendations in urban policies. Results A conceptual framework linking SDGs and urban and transportplanning, environmental exposures, behaviour and health outcomes, following a HiAP rationale, is designed. We found at least 38 SDG targets relevant to urban health, corresponding to 15 SDGs, while 4 important aspects contained in our proposed framework were not present in the SDGs (physical activity, noise, quality of life or social capital). Thus, a more comprehensive HiAP vision within the SDGs could be beneficial. Our analysis confirmed that the SDGs framework provides an opportunity to formulate and implement policies with a HiAP approach. Three important aspects are highlighted: 1) the importance of the intersectoral work and health equity as a cross-cutting issue in sustainable development endeavors; 2) policy coherence, health governance, and stakeholders’ participation as key issues; and 3) the need for high quality data. HIAs are a practical tool to implement HiAP. Opportunities and barriers related to the political, legal and health governance context, the capacity to inform policies in other sectors, the involvement of different stakeholders, and the availability of quality data are discussed based on our experience. Quantitative assessments can provide powerful data such as: estimates of annual preventable morbidity and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) under compliance with international exposure recommendations for physical activity, exposure to air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces; the associated economic impacts in health care costs per year; and the number of preventable premature deaths when improvements in urban and transport planning are implemented. This information has been used to support the design of policies that promote cycling, walking, public, zero and low-emitting modes of transport, and the provision of urban greening or healthy public open spaces in Barcelona (e.g. Urban Mobility, Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity Plans, or the Superblocks’s model), the Bus Rapid Transit and Open Streets initiatives in several Latin American cities or targeted SDGs assessments in Morocco. Conclusions By applying tools such as HIA, HiAP can be implemented to inform and improve transport and urban planning to achieve the 2030 SDG Agenda. Such a framework could be potentially used in cities worldwide, including those of less developed regions or countries. Data availability, taking into account equity issues, strenghtening the communication between experts, decision makers and citizens, and the involvement of all major stakeholders are crucial elements for the HiAP approach to translate knowledge into SDG implementation.

scholarly journals Urban health in Italy: health outcomes and sustainable living

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Da Empoli ◽  
M Fadda ◽  
E Mazzoni ◽  
A Gaudioso ◽  
F Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Sustainable Living

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices of women towards breast cancer in the field practice area of urban health training centre, Aurangabad, Maharashtra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apeksha P. Paunikar ◽  
Hrishikesh A. Khadilkar ◽  
Mohan K. Doibale ◽  
Bina M. Kuril
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Breast cancer accounts for 19-34% of all cancer cases among women in India. There is a high mortality as patients usually present at an advanced stage because of lack of awareness and nonexistent breast cancer screening programs. So the aim of study is to know knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of women towards breast cancer in the field practice area of urban health training centre (UHTC). Methods: A cross sectional study included 140 women of age ≥15 years residing in field practice area from October 2016 to January 2017. From four wards in the field practice area, equal samples were drawn from each ward. Data was collected using questionnaires designed to elicit socio-demographic information and knowledge, attitude and practices of these women towards breast cancer. Data analysis was done by Open Epi. Results: Out of 140 women interviewed, 78.57% mentioned at least one of the symptoms of breast cancer but only 37.86% identified painless lump as a symptom. Only 46.43% mentioned any one of the risk factors. More educated and younger age women were more knowledgeable about risk factors. 44.29% participants were aware of early detection measures but very few were actually practicing SBE, CBE. CBE was most common tool identified for detection. Conclusions: Women do have KAP deficits of breast cancer. So community oriented awareness generation programs to educate women about breast cancer, to promote early detection of breast cancer and to bring about the desirable behavioural change among women is needed. 

CityHealth

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Brian C. Castrucci ◽  
Elizabeth A. Corcoran ◽  
Shelley L. Hearne ◽  
Katie Keith ◽  
Elizabeth Voyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Successes And Challenges ◽  
Policy Solutions

The De Beaumont Foundation CityHealth project aims to provide city leaders in the United States with both an assessment of their communities and with a package of policy solutions that they can use to improve the health of populations in their cities. In so doing, CityHealth serves as a model for efforts to harness science for action toward improving health in cities. With three out of every five Americans living in cities, policy change in the nation’s most populous urban areas has the most tangible opportunity to impact people’s daily lives and health outcomes. This chapter discusses the goals of the CityHealth project and its successes and challenges, and identifies models that can improve urban health worldwide.

Survivorship in Gynecologic Cancer: Enduring the Treatment toward a New Normal

2014 ◽  
pp. e288-e294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda R. Duska ◽  
Amanda N. Fader ◽  
Don S. Dizon
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Survivorship Care ◽  
Gynecologic Malignancies ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Women are living longer after a cancer diagnosis because of advances in early detection and treatment. However, although our ability to effectively treat gynecologic malignancies has improved, survivors of gynecologic cancer often face profound physical, emotional, sexual, and psychosocial challenges as a result of their cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we discuss how patient comorbidities (i.e., obesity) and cancer treatment effects may adversely affect sexual health outcomes, gastrointestinal function, and general health among survivors of gynecologic cancer. The importance of a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to survivorship care is emphasized.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Effect of periodic endoscopy for gastric cancer on early detection and improving survival

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A606-A606
Author(s):  
Y MORII ◽  
T YOSHIDA ◽  
T MATSUMATA ◽  
T ARITA ◽  
K SHIMODA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Early Detection

1820: Complexed PSA for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Multi Institutional Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
Ravery V. Vincent ◽  
Chautard D. Denis ◽  
Arnauld A. Villers ◽  
Laurent Boccon Gibbod
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection
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