Epigenetics of Breast Cancer: Clinical Status of Epi-drugs and Phytochemicals

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samriddhi Shukla ◽  
Dhanamjai Penta ◽  
Priya Mondal ◽  
Syed Musthapa Meeran
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Status

Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Goss ◽  
Kathrin Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Type I ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current clinical status and possible future applications of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. METHODS: A review of the literature on the third-generation aromatase inhibitors was conducted. Some data that have been presented but not published are included. In addition, the designs of ongoing trials with aromatase inhibitors are outlined and the implications of possible results discussed. RESULTS: All of the third-generation oral aromatase inhibitors—letrozole, anastrozole, and vorozole (nonsteroidal, type II) and exemestane (steroidal, type I)—have now been tested in phase III trials as second-line treatment of postmenopausal hormone-dependent breast cancer. They have shown clear superiority compared with the conventional therapies and are therefore considered established second-line hormonal agents. Currently, they are being tested as first-line therapy in the metastatic, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant settings. Preliminary results suggest that the inhibitors might displace tamoxifen as first-line treatment, but further studies are needed to determine this. CONCLUSION: The role of aromatase inhibitors in premenopausal breast cancer and in combination with chemotherapy and other anticancer treatments are areas of future exploration. The ongoing adjuvant trials will provide important data on the long-term safety of aromatase inhibitors, which will help to determine their suitability for use as chemopreventives in healthy women at risk of developing breast cancer.

Clinical Significance of the New Tumor Marker MCA in the follow-up of Patients with Mammary Carcinoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Müller-Brand ◽  
H. Mäcke
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

MCA is a mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen which has been found in all breast cancer independent of histological type and degree of differentiation. A two-step solid-phase EIA was developed and the serum concentration of MCA was measured in 176 breast cancer patiens after surgery. Using a cutoff of 11.0 U/ml the test showed a sensitivity of 77% and a specifity of 82% when compared to clinical status. The predictive value of this tumor marker was 72% for a positive diagnosis and 93% for a negative diagnosis. Based on these observations it is recommended that determination of MCA values take place 2 to 3 times in the first postoperative week in all women with surgically treated mammary carcinoma. These MCA values should then serve as reference for further determinations, which should be performed at each check-up. A subsequent increase in the MCA value should be considered as a first sign of metastasis.

scholarly journals Treatment of Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) HER2-negative Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 1328-1335
Author(s):  
Nina Ditsch ◽  
Marcus Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThe article gives an overview of current treatment options for metastatic hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. The focus is on combined therapies, e.g., with CDK4/6 inhibition compared with purely endocrine-based therapies in the pre- and postmenopause, presenting the latest study results. The addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine-based therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant leads to a marked improvement in progression-free survival and is independently beneficial whether palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib is involved. The particular clinical status of inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases argues for its use in the first-line treatment of women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer compared with the available purely endocrine-based therapies.

ADVIA Centaur® Her-2/Neu Shows Value in Monitoring Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lüftner ◽  
C. Cheli ◽  
K. Mickelson ◽  
E. Sampson ◽  
K. Possinger
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Minimum Detectable Concentration ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Her 2

Introduction The proteolytic breakdown product corresponding to the extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER-2/neu oncoprotein p185 is found in the circulation of healthy individuals and patients having cancers of epithelial origin. For the current evaluation we sought to determine the analytical performance as well as the clinical utility of the newly developed ADVIA Centaur® HER-2/neu assay (Bayer HealthCare LLC, Diagnostics Division, Tarrytown, NY, USA) in monitoring patients with metastatic breast cancer during the course of disease and treatment and to compare the obtained results with those of CA 15–3. Methods The analytical performance (including precision, normal range, interfering substances, minimum detectable concentration, dilution recovery, spiking recovery and high-dose hook effect) were determined. HER-2/neu and CA 15–3 values were measured in retrospective samples obtained from 59 patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing treatment over a 6–12 month period. Serial changes in serum HER-2/neu and CA 15–3 were correlated with changes in clinical status on a visit-to-visit basis. For each pair of serial measurements, changes of equal to or greater than, or less than 15% for HER-2/neu and 21% for CA 15–3 were considered to indicate progression or lack of progression, respectively. Results The ADVIA Centaur HER-2/neu assay demonstrated within-run imprecision and total imprecision ranging from 3.0–5.6% and from 3.2–5.7%, respectively. The upper limit of normal was 15.2 ng/mL (90% CI: 14.2–17.0 ng/mL). No significant interference (<5%) was seen with bilirubins, hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol or therapeutic drugs commonly present in the sera of breast cancer patients. The minimum detectable concentration (analytical sensitivity) was found to be 0.5 ng/mL. The patient population in the clinical study included breast cancer patients who responded to therapy (stable, partial or complete response) or had disease progression. HER-2/neu levels showed a concordance of 78.1% (82/105 restaging time points) with the clinical course of disease, whereas CA 15–3 levels showed a concordance of 76.2% (80/105 restaging time points). The concordance with clinical status increased to 85.7% (90/105 restaging time points) when both results were used in combination as a series test. Conclusions The ADVIA Centaur HER-2/neu assay provides excellent analytical performance for serial testing of serum HER-2/neu levels. The clinical data demonstrate the usefulness of serum HER-2/neu in monitoring metastatic breast cancer patients during treatment. Furthermore, the results indicate that serum HER-2/neu and CA 15–3 may be useful in identifying disease progression or therapeutic response in different subgroups of women with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals Advances in Molecular and Immunohistochemical Detection of Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vismari de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Clinical Correlations

In the last two decades, new discoveries concerning on breast cancer have contributed to important changes on its classification, from purely morphologic to molecular embased, to establish better correlation with clinicopathologic features. The classification in molecular subtypes, based on hormonal receptor and HER-2 status, have been remarkable not only for its more accurated clinical correlations, but also for its easy applicability in diagnostic routine, better replication of tumor microenvironment through the selection of paraffinized tumor amounts and cost-effectiveness of the detection method, the immunohistochemistry. Hence, this classification may predict the breast cancer prognosis and became an important target for therapy with hormonal and HER-2 antagonist drugs. Other study models, like cancer-stem cell hypothesis and immunological aspects of human cancer, have brought new emerging ideas regarding on molecular pathways and accurated prognostic preditions. Putative stem-cell markers and PD-1/PDL-1, have highlighted among several emerging molecular markers because of the bad cancer prognosis determinated by stem-cell markers expression and for emerging new drugs with selective action to PD-1/PDL-1, with promising results. The therapy of breast cancer have became diverse, target directed and personalized, in order to take in consideration the clinicopathologic cancer aspects, molecular tumor profile and clinical status of the patient.

scholarly journals Incidence, Epidemiology and Clinico-Pathological Status of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in NICRH, Dhaka

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Avisak Bhattacharjee ◽  
AFM Anwar Hossain ◽  
Shahanara Yeasmin ◽  
Tangera Akter
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chi Square

Background: Molecular subtype determination of breast carcinoma is still an enigma in our perspective. We are far behind the genetic analysis but immunohistochemistry is commonly ensured now a days.Objective: To observe the incidence, epidemiological and clinico-pathological status of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients.Materials and method: At first 141 patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. Among them 138 patients were finalized according to the eligibility criteria. A pre-structured, peer reviewed, properly tested, interview and observation based data collection sheet was prepared. Data regarding epidemiological profile, clinical profile and histopathological profile were collected, compiled, edited and analyzed. Mean, frequency, chi-square test were adopted for analysis. Statistics were found significant at <0.05.Results: Mean age of patients was 43.20±9.69 years. Mean BMI was 25.26±13.47. Out of 138 patients, only 4.34% had positive family history, 64.49% and 35.5% had left and right sided breast cancer respectively, 65.2% had tumour size 2-5cm which was followed by 27.53% cases with >5cm sized tumour in maximum diameter. Among the five major molecular subtypes both luminal A and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed high prevalence (27.53%). Association of molecular subtypes with histopathological grading revealed TNBC was the most aggressive among all molecular subtypes. Axillary lymphadenopathy was present in almost all cases.Conclusion: Luminal A and TNBC were positive in most of the cases whereas TNBC showed higher association with advance histopathological grade. Clinical status was almost similar in all subtypes.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2018 6(1): 9-17

Electrophoretic patterns for serum glycoproteins reflect the presence of human breast cancer.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2055-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Silverman ◽  
G B Dermer ◽  
Z A Tökes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Serum Glycoprotein ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Benign Breast Lesions

Abstract We describe a group of glycoproteins that are synthesized and released by human breast tumors maintained in organ culture and similar glycoproteins released by a human breast carcinoma cell line (BT-20). The electrophoretic mobility of these glycoproteins on cellulose acetate is consistent with increased glycoprotein-staining material present in the alpha2- to beta-globulin region of serum glycoprotein electropherograms from patients with breast cancer. Moreover, after mastectomy, this glycoprotein material in serum decreases to concentrations seen in a control population of patients with benign breast lesions. Patients with proven metastatic breast cancer have patterns reflecting their clinical status: those who respond to treatment have glycoprotein electropherograms similar to the group of patients with benign breast lesions, while those who do not have increased amounts of alpha2- beta-glycoprotein. We believe serum glycoprotein measurements in breast-cancer patients reflect the presence of glycoproteins that are released by the malignant cells and enter the circulation.

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