Additive Manufacturing: Future Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Lyons ◽  
Declan M. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Trends in Additive Manufacturing with Polymer Powders, Production, Applications and Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-711
Author(s):  
HARRY CHIRIRIWA
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Polymer Powders

In this article, an overview of three dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), with a focus on polymers is presented. As a starting point the additive manufacturing concept is described. Several well established technologies, including their advantages and drawbacks and a list of polymers, which are commonly used in commercial printers are evaluated and outlined. The additive manufacturing applications together with the key developments are also presented. The article further highlights major industrial applications, directions for promising research are identified, possible full exploitation potential of additive manufacturing in industries and finally outlines future challenges in this rapidly growing industries.

scholarly journals Processing and Recycling of thermoplastic polymers: Current Scenario and Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2744-2753
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Thermoplastic polymers are extensively utilized in electronics, aerospace, automobile and additive manufacturing industries due to low cost, low temperature processing and reusability. Thermoplastics of different grades and chemical structures arereadily available in the market They can be reusedand reshaped, and also can be manufactured with less weight proportion as compared to the metals and ceramics by providing same strength of material. As a result, the plastics products in the market are getting popular day by day with high demand of customized products due to inception of additive manufacturing technologies. In any case, the issue of recycling these materials is challenge due to enormous energy requirements and varying chemical composition of different polymers. There are both mechanical and financial issues that restrict the advancements in this field. The recycling process of polymers can be done by the four different ways such as primary recycling process, secondary recycling process, tertiary recycling process and quaternary recycling process which can be discussed in this systematic review with practical examples. The modifications and implementation of these polymer waste recycling techniques could help to reduce wastage and save material cost which would directly affect the economy of contemporary industries.

scholarly journals How Can We Provide Additively Manufactured Parts with a Fingerprint? A Review of Tagging Strategies in Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Antonella Sola ◽  
Yilin Sai ◽  
Adrian Trinchi ◽  
Clement Chu ◽  
Shirley Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
End User ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Complicated Geometries ◽  
Challenging Question

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly evolving from “rapid prototyping” to “industrial production”. AM enables the fabrication of bespoke components with complicated geometries in the high-performance areas of aerospace, defence and biomedicine. Providing AM parts with a tagging feature that allows them to be identified like a fingerprint can be crucial for logistics, certification and anti-counterfeiting purposes. Whereas the implementation of an overarching strategy for the complete traceability of AM components downstream from designer to end user is, by nature, a cross-disciplinary task that involves legal, digital and technological issues, materials engineers are on the front line of research to understand what kind of tag is preferred for each kind of object and how existing materials and 3D printing hardware should be synergistically modified to create such tag. This review provides a critical analysis of the main requirements and properties of tagging features for authentication and identification of AM parts, of the strategies that have been put in place so far, and of the future challenges that are emerging to make these systems efficient and suitable for digitalisation. It is envisaged that this literature survey will help scientists and developers answer the challenging question: “How can we embed a tagging feature in an AM part?”.

ACE2 as therapeutic agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (19) ◽  
pp. 2581-2595
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Li ◽  
Maria B. Grant ◽  
Elaine M. Richards ◽  
Mohan K. Raizada
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Future Challenges

Abstract The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein–coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.

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