Building Efficiency Models and the Optimization of the District Heating Network for Low-Carbon Transition Cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Elisa Guelpa ◽  
Vittorio Verda
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon

District heating systems based on low-carbon energy technologies in Mediterranean areas

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Lizana ◽  
Carlos Ortiz ◽  
Víctor M. Soltero ◽  
Ricardo Chacartegui
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

scholarly journals Trends in the development of the district heating systems of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V.O. Derii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Balance ◽  
Generation Structure ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Low Carbon Development

We considered trends in the development of district heating systems (DHS) in Europe and Ukraine. It was established that DHS are widely used and make a significant contribution to the heat supply of European countries. In the European Union as a whole, the share of DHS is 13%, and there are plans to increase it to 50% in 2050 with a wide use of cogeneration and renewable sources of energy, including environmental energy with using heat pumps. Ukraine is one of the countries with a high level of DHS, but, at present, there are negative trends to reducing their contribution to the total heat supply for heating and hot water supply – from 65.2% in 2014 to 52% in 2017. In several cities, DHS ceased to function at all. The main equipment of the DHS of Ukraine is physically worn out and technologically obsolete and needs to be renewed by means of wide reconstruction, modernization, and technological re-equipment. We determined factors and the level of their influence on the demand in thermal energy of DHS. It was established that the factors reducing demand have a much greater potential. We created forecasts of demand for thermal energy, fuel balance, and the structure of DHS generation by 2050. It is shown that the demand for thermal energy from DHS will decrease and reach about 35 million Gcal in 2050. To ensure the low-carbon development of Ukraine in the structure of thermal energy generation in DHS, the use of coal-fired CHPs and boilers, as well as boilers on petroleum products will be significantly reduced. The share of natural gas in the fuel balance of DHS of Ukraine will also decrease, but it will be the main fuel for the period of technological transformation of generating capacities under conditions of the low-carbon development of Ukraine. The use of technologies for the production of thermal energy from biomass, waste, environment, and electricity will gradually increase, and in 2050, using these sources will produce about 23.8 million Gcal, which is more than 60% of the total thermal energy of DHS. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, factors of influence, demand, fuel balance, generation structure

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of a District Sharing Strategy on Application Capacity and Carbon Emissions for Heating and Cooling with GSHP Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5543
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
He Qi ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

To meet long-term climate change targets, the way that heating and cooling are generated and distributed has to be changed to achieve a supply of affordable, secure and low-carbon energy for all buildings and infrastructures. Among the possible renewable sources of energy, ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can be an effective low-carbon solution that is compatible with district heating and cooling in urban areas. There are no location restrictions for this technology, and underground energy sources are stable for long-term use. According to a previous study, buildings in urban areas have demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in terms of their capacity to demand (C/D) ratio under the application of GSHP due to variations in heating demand and available space. If a spatial sharing strategy can be developed to allow the surplus geothermal capacity to be shared with neighbors, the heating and cooling demands of a greater number of buildings in an area can be satisfied, thus achieving a city with lower carbon emissions. In this study, a GSHP district system model was developed with a specific embedding sharing strategy for the application of GSHP. Two sharing strategies were proposed in this study: (i) Strategy 1 involved individual systems with borehole sharing, and (ii) Strategy 2 was a central district system. Three districts in London were selected to compare the performance of the developed models on the C/D ratio, required borehole number and carbon emissions. According to the comparison analysis, both strategies were able to enhance the GSHP application capacity and increase the savings of carbon emissions. However, the improvement levels were shown to be different. A greater number of building types and a higher variety in building types with larger differentiation in heating and cooling demands can contribute to a better district sharing performance. In addition, it was found that these two sharing strategies were applicable to different kinds of districts.

scholarly journals Making a Case for Local Combined Head and Power and District Heating Infrastructures within the United Kingdom Policy Landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Javier Urquizo ◽  
Carlos Calderón ◽  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Planning energy infrastructure at the local level is the key to addressing some of the most difficult challenges in climate change and energy policy planning (i.e. fuel poverty) and to unlock the transformative potential of distributed energy technologies. The scientific field of urban energy and carbon modelling is becoming a fundamental instrument to estimate an energy and carbon baseline at a point in time and to quantify the impact that policy-driven technological interventions that could have on the overall carbon footprint of a city. This capability enables an evidence-based approach in which the economic case towards a low-carbon economy can be made. Transformative local distributed energy technologies such as CHP or district heating have a strong spatial component due to a need to identify synergies with adjacent properties or heating loads. Currently available domestic building energy models often do not take into account spatial information. Accessing geo-referenced data for energy modelling can also be particularly useful as validated outputs (i.e. heating and electricity loads, energy profiles) can be mapped using spatial modelling techniques that help to easily identify high and low energy consumption areas and potential synergies in local energy infrastructure planning. In Newcastle upon Tyne UK, the council is exploring the opportunities for the installation of renewable heat technologies on their own stock as a matter of urgency. Identification of potential sites and feasibility for technical and financial applicability within the UK policies will be addressed by this paper.

scholarly journals The Climate, Land, Energy, Water and Food Nexus Challenge in a Land Scarce Country: Innovations in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10491
Author(s):  
Davine N. G. Janssen ◽  
Eunice Pereira Ramos ◽  
Vincent Linderhof ◽  
Nico Polman ◽  
Chrysi Laspidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Land Scarcity ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Carbon Economy

The Netherlands has the ambitious target of transitioning to a low-carbon economy by 2050. One factor that may constrain this progress, however, is the large spatial requirements of renewable energy technologies, and resulting competition for land through interlinkages between the Climate (C), Land (L), Energy (E), Water (W) and Food (F) domains—the CLEWF nexus. This study aims at identifying innovations that can improve the performance of the nexus by addressing the land scarcity constraint while supporting the low-carbon economy transition. A framework for the identification of potential innovations applicable in the nexus context was developed and applied. It is derived from a Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) analysis of land scarcity in the Dutch nexus and a stock-taking benchmarking analysis of European countries. An inventory of innovations was prepared based on several classifications of innovations, collecting examples from the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. Three innovations were identified as particularly promising: district heating, Energy Service Companies and peak shaving through water pumping. Furthermore, the DPSIR framework was also used to identify overarching societal elements common to countries that successfully implemented sustainable innovations. These were found to relate to long-term political commitments, geopolitical and economic drivers, and pioneering approaches building from and towards national strengths.

Influence of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on the Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Low Carbon Steel (ASTM A139) Welded Joint in the Simulated District Heating Environment

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2429 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sang Kim ◽  
Woo-Cheol Kim ◽  
Jung-Gu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Heating Water

The effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behavior of low carbon steel (ASTM A139) welded joint in the simulated district heating water (internal heating water) were investigated. After UNSM treatment, the microstructures of welded joint were transformed from the grain boundary ferrite and widmanstätten ferrite to polygonal ferrite accompanied by grain refinement. In electrochemical tests, the corrosion resistance of the welded joint was increased after UNSM treatment as a result of the grain refinement and improved stability of the oxide film. The stress corrosion cracking behavior was measured by slow strain rate tests with accelerated anodic and cathodic reactions. The results indicated that the UNSM treatment had a significant effect on the corrosion condition, whereas UNSM had no effect on hydrogen embrittlement.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Coal Phase-Out in Western Macedonia

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dimitris Ziouzios ◽  
Evangelos Karlopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Fragkos ◽  
Zoi Vrontisi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Research Work ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Phase Out

As part of the European Green Deal, the EU aims to become climate-neutral and reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Ιn this context, EU member states are required to develop a national strategy to achieve the required emissions reductions under the Paris Agreement and EU climate goals. Western Macedonia is a region in North-western Greece with its economy largely dominated by lignite mining, lignite-fired power plants and district heating systems. In 2019, the Greek Government set the goal of withdrawing all lignite plants by 2028, with most units being withdrawn already by 2023. This decision has had an immense socio-economic impact on the region of Western Macedonia. This research work reflects the current situation at the socio-economic and socio-political level in Western Macedonia and discusses the policies implemented in the context of the lignite phase-out process to ensure a just transition for households and businesses of the region. Although there is not a ‘one-size-fits-all’ blueprint for successful low-carbon transitions of high-carbon intensive regional economies, the main target of our paper is understanding the impacts, challenges and opportunities of decarbonizing Western Macedonia.

scholarly journals District Heating and Cooling Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De la Cruz ◽  
Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document