scholarly journals District Heating and Cooling Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De la Cruz ◽  
Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Electricity Sector: Trade-Offs and Interplay Between Different Flexibility Options

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Steffi Schreiber ◽  
Christoph Zöphel ◽  
Dominik Möst
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Flexibility Options

AbstractThe expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) and the electrification of demand side sectors raise the need for power system flexibility. The following model-based analysis illustrates the complexity of the European energy system transformation with pathways regarding the RES expansion, sector coupling, and different levels of flexibility provision. Differences occur concerning the optimal mix of flexibility options between the moderate and ambitious climate target scenarios. Dispatchable back-up capacities are necessary, also in presence of high RES shares. Here, CO2 prices influence the role of low-carbon technologies. Due to cross-sectoral interactions, energy storages have a limited value. For the ambitious scenarios, the emission reductions come close to the Green Deal targets of the European Commission, while levelized costs of electricity increase moderately compared to the less ambitious scenario.

Optimal approaches to manage power system decarbonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452
Author(s):  
Vincent Mazauric ◽  
Ariane Millot ◽  
Claude Le Pape-Gardeux ◽  
Nadia Maïzi
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Optimal Description ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

To overcome the negative environemental impact of the actual power system, an optimal description of quasi-static electromagnetics relying on a reversible interpretation of the Faraday’s law is given. Due to the overabundance of carbon-free energy sources, this description makes it possible to consider an evolution towards an energy system favoring low-carbon technologies. The management for changing is then explored through a simplified linear-programming problem and an analogy with phase transitions in physics is drawn.

Optimal operation of a multi-energy system considering renewable energy sources stochasticity and impacts of electric vehicles

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 115841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ata ◽  
Ayşe Kübra Erenoğlu ◽  
İbrahim Şengör ◽  
Ozan Erdinç ◽  
Akın Taşcıkaraoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Sources

scholarly journals Low Temperature District Heating: An Expert Opinion Survey

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Guzzini ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Edoardo Pelliconi ◽  
Cesare Saccani
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
System Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Expert Opinion Survey

Among the available solutions for building heating and cooling, district heating (DH) and district cooling (DC) systems are considered some of the best options since they can ensure a better control of pollutant emissions and greater efficiency than individual systems. Nevertheless, improvements are needed to increase their sustainability and reliability. The so-called “low temperature district heating” (LTDH) concept has been introduced in recent years in an attempt (i) to reduce the distribution heat losses through a temperature decrease in the DH network, (ii) to favor the integration with renewable energy sources, and (iii) to create the conditions required for the development of future smart energy systems. However, many concerns have been raised about its implementation in both existing and new systems. For this reason, this paper aims to identify the stakeholders’ ranking of the barriers against LTDH system development and implementation over the next few years. Aiming to this, a questionnaire was designed, including an analysis of current gaps and strengths, and then submitted to more than 50 Italian and international experts in the field of DH. An in-depth analysis of the received answers was performed, focusing in particular on the Italian experts’ answers. Comments and suggestions on how to promote the transition to the new LTDH approach are reported.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Operation of Electric and Thermal Storage in a Net Zero Multi Energy System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bruno ◽  
Maria Dicorato ◽  
Massimo La Scala ◽  
Roberto Sbrizzai ◽  
Pio Alessandro Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Sizing ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Net Zero

In this this paper, the optimal sizing of electric and thermal storage is applied to the novel definition of a net zero multi energy system (NZEMS). A NZMES is based on producing electricity exclusively from renewable energy sources (RES) and converting it into other energy forms to satisfy multiple energy needs of a community. Due to the intermittent nature of RES, storage resources are needed to increase the self-sufficiency of the system. Possible storage sizing choices are examined considering, on an annual basis, the solution of a predictive control problem aimed at optimizing daily operation. For each day of the year, a predictive control problem is formulated and solved, aimed at minimizing operating costs. Electric, thermal, and (electric) transportation daily curves and expected RES production are assessed by means of a model that includes environmental parameters. Test results, based on the energy model of a small rural village, show expected technical-economic performance of different planning solutions, highlighting how the renewable energy mix influences the choice of both thermal and electric storage, and how self-sufficiency can affect the overall cost of energy.

Multilevel policies for radical transition: Governance for a 100% renewable energy system

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frede Hvelplund ◽  
Søren Djørup
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Geographically Distributed

Transition from the stored energy of fossil fuel-based systems to fluctuating renewable energy sources requires a fundamental change in both the energy supply system and governance arrangements. According to analyses made using the Aalborg University Energy PLAN model, the infrastructure required to handle fluctuating energy – such as goals for further expanding the exploitation of wind power towards 50% of energy consumption – necessitates the integration of power, district heating, transportation and biomass production, which should be geographically distributed. To enhance our understanding of this paradigmatic technological change, this article presents both a general analysis of the regulatory consequences and a specific analysis of the immediate challenges involved in the transition process, framed within the Danish context. The general conclusion is that the required distributed, local and regional technological energy system needs a bottom up and interactive regulatory framework, where the central government should have a more reflexive and communicative role, providing services and national coordination for an energy system that contains a large share of fluctuating renewable energy sources. A specific conclusion is that the present Danish tariff principles and energy tax system should be fundamentally altered in order to better facilitate the coordination of the heat and electricity sectors, to incentivise the creation of the necessary integration infrastructure.

Modelling and optimal operation of a small-scale integrated energy based district heating and cooling system

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.X. Jing ◽  
X.S. Jiang ◽  
Q.H. Wu ◽  
W.H. Tang ◽  
B. Hua
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals The Challenge of Climate Change—Complete Energy Systems Transformation: No Nuclear, No Net Zero

Nuclear Law ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 85-140
Author(s):  
Timothy Stone
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Systems Transformation

AbstractTo achieve Net Zero, natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and fuel oils must be replaced with another source. However, most of the current low-carbon energy sources will also need to be replaced as almost none have more than about 25 years remaining of useful life. The pace and scale of the needed change is unprecedented: almost the whole of the world’s primary energy supply must be replaced. The (re)development of the entire energy system is inherently a sovereign risk and it can only be governments who set national energy policy. There is no doubt that markets will continue to play a part in future energy systems, but at the top level, the pace and scale of change to achieve Net Zero is simply far too fast for markets to adapt properly. This chapter is a call to action to the national policy makers and presents this challenge as an opportunity for creating higher-quality jobs and potentially highly attractive and long-dated investment options. The chapter also outlines some risks, including political indecisiveness and policy volatility as potential impediments to making the most of this opportunity and achieving the Net Zero.

scholarly journals Investigation on Relative Heat Losses and Gains of Heating and Cooling Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Violeta Madan ◽  
Ingo Weidlich
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Steady State Heat ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Abstract The integration of district heating (DH) and cooling (DC) in the sustainable energy system of the future requires a significant reduction in operating temperatures. Supply temperatures below 70 °C are required for new 4th Generation DH. Main benefits are the use of low exergy heat sources and the reduction of heat losses. The reduction of heat losses is achieved by reducing the driving temperature difference between the medium pipe and the ground. The decrease of the return temperature level is limited by the consumer behaviour and the ground temperature level. As a consequence, the reduction of the supply temperature is accompanied by a reduction of the maximum transmittable heat flow. For energy efficiency and economic reasons, the relative heat losses are therefore an important design value for DH networks. The study proposes an approach to estimate the relative heat losses by using steady-state heat loss models and analyses the values for different DH generations. In particular, due to the rising of the near-surface soil temperature, the relative cold losses are also studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document