scholarly journals Outlook for the Future

2020 ◽  
pp. 797-825
Author(s):  
C. Joshi ◽  
A. Caldwell ◽  
P. Muggli ◽  
S. D. Holmes ◽  
V. D. Shiltsev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Electron Plasma ◽  
Longitudinal Component ◽  
Relativistic Wave ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Total Separation

AbstractThe charge separation between electrons and ions that exists within an electron plasma density wave can create large electric fields. In 1979 Tajima and Dawson first recognized that the longitudinal component of the field of a so-called “relativistic” wave (one propagating with a phase velocity close to c), could be used to accelerate charged particles to high energies in a short distance [1]. The accelerating gradient of such a plasma wave, Eo, can be approximated—assuming a total separation of electrons and ions in such a wave with wavelength λp = 2πc/ωp—as

scholarly journals Ionosphere monitoring sensor, placed on nanosatellites

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
V.E. Dreyzin ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Al Kadhimi Ali Noori ◽  
V.E. Bondyrev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electrons And Ions

In this paper, we propose a sensor for the density and composition of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere), designed for installation on nanosatellites. The relevance and existing problems of direct instrumental studies of the ionosphere at altitudes of 150-500 km are shown. Of the existing types of vacuum meters, the most suitable for autonomous operation at these altitudes are ionization vacuum meters with inverse magnetron primary converters with a cold cathode. However, the existing industrial types of such vacuum meters are unsuitable for operation in the ionosphere due to high concentration of charged particles in the air, resulting in large distortions of the readings. In addition, they have large weight and size characteristics and energy consumption, which exclude the possibility of their installation on nanosatellites. To solve these problems, a mathematical model of the electrophysical processes, occurring in the core of such a converter, was developed which significantly reduced its weight and size characteristics and energy consumption. And to eliminate the influence of charged particles, it is equipped with an electron-ion trap, which additionally made it possible to measure the concentration of electrons and ions in the environment. The design of such a combined converter is described, and calculations of the electric and magnetic fields in the core of the vacuum gauge converter and the electric fields in the interelectrode space of the trap are performed. A method for calculating the current values of such a combined converter has been developed, which makes it possible to estimate the required measurement ranges of the sensor measuring channels. The results obtained allow us to proceed with its experimental design.

scholarly journals Ionospheric control of space weather

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Osuke Saka
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Substorm Onset ◽  
Auroral Ionosphere ◽  
Polar Ionosphere ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Cold Electrons ◽  
Local Accumulation ◽  
Characteristic Process

Abstract. As proposed by Saka (2019), plasma injections arising out of the auroral ionosphere (ionospheric injection) are a characteristic process of the polar ionosphere at substorm onset. The ionospheric injection is triggered by westward electric fields transmitted from the convection surge in the magnetosphere at field line dipolarization. Localized westward electric fields result in local accumulation of ionospheric electrons and ions, which produce local electrostatic potentials in the auroral ionosphere. Field-aligned electric fields are developed to extract excess charges from the ionosphere. This process is essential to the equipotential equilibrium of the auroral ionosphere. Cold electrons and ions that evaporate from the auroral ionosphere by ionospheric injection tend to generate electrostatic parallel potential below an altitude of 10 000 km. This is a result of charge separation along the mirror fields introduced by the evaporated electrons and ions moving earthward in phase space.

Influence of time-variable solar wind on the response of Mercury’s magnetosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Aizawa ◽  
Nicolas André ◽  
Ronan Modolo ◽  
Elisabeth Werner ◽  
Jim Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Plasma Measurement ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p><span lang="EN-GB">BepiColombo is going to conduct its first Mercury flyby in October 2021. During this flyby,  plasma measurement will be obtained and bring new insights on the Hermean magnetosphere and its interaction with the Sun despite the limited field of view of the instruments during the cruise phase. Unlike Mariner-10 ion measurements will be obtained, and unlike MESSENGER, low energy electrons and ions will be measured simultaneously. In this study, we have revisited Mariner 10 and MESSENGER observations with the help of the global hybrid model LatHyS in order to understand the influence of time-variable solar wind and to constraint the plasma environment. We are able to reproduce the magnetic field observations of Mariner 10 along its trajectory with in particular two distinct signatures consisting of a quiet and disturbed state of the magnetosphere. In addition, the plasma spectrogram is also collected in the model and this enables us to detail the properties of the charged particles observed during the flyby. We will discuss all these signatures both in term of an interaction with a time-variable solar wind and localized processes occurring in the magnetosphere. We will then present the virtual sampling of both the magnetic field and plasma spectrogram along BepiColombo’s first Mercury flyby trajectory and discuss the possible signatures to be observed at that time.</span></p>

Deformation of the charge-density wave by electric fields inK0.3MoO3

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1655-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
J. F. Ma ◽  
S. E. Nagler ◽  
S. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Charge Density Wave ◽  
Density Wave
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