Semantic Relevance Feedback on Queries and Search Results for Younger and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Herre van Oostendorp ◽  
Saraschandra Karanam
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Relevance Feedback ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Semantic Relevance

WEBYACHT: A CONCEPT-BASED SEARCH TOOL FOR WWW

1999 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHING-CHI HSU ◽  
CHIA-HUI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Relevance Feedback ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Document Ranking ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
The Web

This paper describes a Web information search tool called WebYacht. The goal of WebYacht is to solve the problem of imprecise search results in current Web search engines. Due to incomplete information given by users and the diversified information published on the Web, conventional document ranking based on an automatic assessment of document relevance to the query may not be the best approach when little information is given as in most cases. In order to clarify the ambiguity of the short queries given by users, WebYacht adopts cluster-based browsing model as well as relevance feedback to facilitate Web information search. The idea is to have users give two to three times more feedback in the same amount of time that would be required to give feedback for conventional feedback mechanisms. With the assistance of cluster-based representation provided by WebYacht, a lot of browsing labor can be reduced. In this paper, we explain the techniques used in the design of WebYacht and compare the performances of feedback interface designs and to conventional similarity ranking search results.

scholarly journals Relevance Feedback Using RBF for Content Based Image Retrieval

2012 ◽  
Vol 6-7 ◽  
pp. 1150-1155
Author(s):  
Gui Zhi Li ◽  
Chang Sheng Zhou ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ya Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Retrieval ◽  
Relevance Feedback ◽  
Rbf Neural Network ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Content Based Image Retrieval ◽  
Query Image ◽  
Neural Network Learning ◽  
Multiple Queries ◽  
Semantic Relevance

Conventional approaches to image retrieval are based on the assumption that relevant images are physically near the query image in some feature space. However, semantically related images are often scattered across several visual clusters. This leads to adapting multiple queries to represent a query in the feature space. Therefore, it is necessary to handle disjunctive queries in the feature space. In this paper, a new content-based image retrieval method with relevance feedback technique using RBF neural network learning is proposed. The method transfers the process of relevance feedback into a learning problem of RBF neural network. RBFNN can describe the distribution of positive feedback sample images in feature space with a set of neighboring clusters produced through constructing neural network, for accurately reflecting their semantic relevance. The performance of the method using RBFNN is evaluated on a database of 10,000 images. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

An Associative and Adaptive Network Model For Information Retrieval In The Semantic Web

2010 ◽  
pp. 309-344
Author(s):  
Peter Scheir ◽  
Peter Prettenhofer ◽  
Stefanie N. Lindstaedt ◽  
Chiara Ghidini
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Relevance Feedback ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Retrieval Performance ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
Relevant Material ◽  
The Web

While it is agreed that semantic enrichment of resources would lead to better search results, at present the low coverage of resources on the web with semantic information presents a major hurdle in realizing the vision of search on the Semantic Web. To address this problem, this chapter investigates how to improve retrieval performance in settings where resources are sparsely annotated with semantic information. Techniques from soft computing are employed to find relevant material that was not originally annotated with the concepts used in a query. The authors present an associative retrieval model for the Semantic Web and evaluate if and to which extent the use of associative retrieval techniques increases retrieval performance. In addition, the authors present recent work on adapting the network structure based on relevance feedback by the user to further improve retrieval effectiveness. The evaluation of new retrieval paradigms - such as retrieval based on technology for the Semantic Web - presents an additional challenge since no off-the-shelf test corpora exist. Hence, this chapter gives a detailed description of the approach taken to evaluate the information retrieval service the authors have built.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

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