Conscious Technology and Technological Change in the Light of Tawhid: Artificial Intelligence, FINTECH, and Other

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Masudul Alam Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change

scholarly journals Engines of Patriarchy: Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Times of Illiberal Backlash Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Hendrik Schopmans ◽  
Jelena Cupać
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Rules And Standards

AbstractIn recent years, concerns over the risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI) have mounted. In response, international organizations (IOs) have begun to translate the emerging consensus on the need for ethical AI into concrete international rules and standards. While the path toward effective AI governance faces many challenges, this essay shifts attention to an obstacle that has received little attention so far: the growing illiberal backlash in IOs. Prompted by Poland's recent rejection of a European position on AI due to the document's mention of “gender equality,” we argue that Poland followed a strategy that illiberal actors now regularly employ in IOs. To combat gender norms and women's rights across issue areas, illiberal contesters first identify the progressive language in international documents and then threaten to veto those documents—unless such language is watered down or removed. This spoiling strategy, we argue, may not only lead to the compromising of fundamental human rights norms but may also prevent much needed rules for AI from being adopted altogether. Against this background, we urge scholars and practitioners concerned with AI ethics to pay closer attention to illiberal backlash politics. IOs are emerging as spaces where progressive AI rules and standards are increasingly contested—and where they need to be defended to safeguard fundamental rights in an age of rapid technological change.

scholarly journals The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labour demand

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron Acemoglu ◽  
Pascual Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
National Income ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to influence every aspect of our lives, not least the way production is organised. AI, as a technology platform, can automate tasks previously performed by labour or create new tasks and activities in which humans can be productively employed. Recent technological change has been biased towards automation, with insufficient focus on creating new tasks where labour can be productively employed. The consequences of this choice have been stagnating labour demand, declining labour share in national income, rising inequality and lowering productivity growth. The current tendency is to develop AI in the direction of further automation, but this might mean missing out on the promise of the ‘right’ kind of AI, with better economic and social outcomes.

The Civil-Military Implications of Emerging Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-244
Author(s):  
Risa Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Strategic Assessment ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

This chapter argues that adaptation of emerging technology—artificial intelligence (AI), among other forms—will introduce new stresses and tensions in civil-military relations across a variety of domains and contexts. Specifically, the analysis highlights four areas of potential stress. The first area is the organizational implications of technological change and innovation for military institutions and civilian actors. The second is the opportunities and obstacles emerging technology poses for civilian oversight of the military. A third area includes how the introduction of technology in advisory processes at the senior level may affect tensions in strategic assessment and the provision of military advice in those processes. A final issue is the evolving character of the profession of arms and the diminution of the military’s exclusive domain of expertise relative to civilian actors.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labour Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Gong Hui
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
National Income ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
The Future

Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to influence every aspect of our lives. As a technology platform, AI can automate tasks previously performed by labour or create new tasks and activities in which humans can be productively employed. Recent technological change has been biased towards automation, with insufficient focus on creating new tasks where labour can be productively employed. The consequences of this choice have been stagnating labour demand, declining labour share in national income, rising inequality and lowering productivity growth. The current tendency is to develop AI in the direction of further automation, with better economic and social outcomes.

What is a Technological Revolution?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Barley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Almost daily we are told how some new technology will revolutionize in our lives. The truth of the matter is most technologies do not. However, occasionally a new technology does appear which provides the grounding for gradual changes that eventually transform our systems of production and the way we live our lives. Historically, we speak of these developments as technological revolutions. By focusing on how such technologies change the nature of work, occupational structures, and systems of production, this chapter attempts to answer two questions: “What is a technological revolution?” and, more importantly, “How do current technologies associated with artificial intelligence fit into the history of technological change?”

scholarly journals Three philosophical perspectives on the relation between technology and society, and how they affect the current debate about artificial intelligence

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blind Spots

AbstractThree philosophical perspectives on the relation between technology and society are distinguished and discussed: 1) technology as an autonomous force that determines society; 2) technology as a human construct that can be shaped by human values, and 3) a co-evolutionary perspective on technology and society where neither of them determines the other. The historical evolution of the three perspectives is discussed and it is argued that all three are still present in current debates about technological change and how it may affect society. This is illustrated for the case of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is argued that each of the three perspectives contributes to the debate of AI but that the third has the strongest potential to uncover blind spots in the current debate.

Judge v Robot? Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Sourdin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

As technology continues to change the way in which we work and function, there are predictions that many aspects of human activity will be replaced or supported by newer technologies. Whilst many human activities have changed over time as a result of human advances, more recent shifts in the context of technological change are likely to have a broader impact on some human functions that have previously been largely undisturbed. In this regard, technology is already changing the practice of law and may for example, reshape the process of judging by either replacing, supporting or supplementing the judicial role. Such changes may limit the extent to which humans are engaged in judging with an increasing emphasis on artificial intelligence to deal with smaller civil disputes and the more routine use of related technologies in more complex disputes.

The Future of Publishing

2019 ◽  
pp. 409-426
Author(s):  
Michael Bhaskar ◽  
Angus Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Automated Translation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
Residual Product

The present era of publishing is marked by unusually intense transformations, driven by technological change and the digital revolution. Trying to understand the future of publishing is an important strategic question for all stakeholders, but it remains difficult: the track record of accurate prediction is poor. Another way to think about the future is via thought experiments. This chapter expounds eight possible experiments for thinking through change in publishing, including looking at what would happen if brand authors self-published; artificial intelligence superseded authorial functions; and books started to disappear from day-to-day life. It considers automated translation, online only bookselling, and all publishing and reading becoming pure service with no residual ‘product’. Lastly, it thinks through what would happen if ebooks were free but print was five times the price. None of these thought experiments are claimed as predictions; in thinking about them, we hope to gain a better appreciation of some possible fault lines in the future of publishing.

Ex Machina in the Garden

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Technological Means

Alex Garland's Ex Machina (2015) explores both long-standing discourses about artificial intelligence and more recent concerns about automation, surveillance, and big data. It does so by associating AI creation not solely with science, technology, and religion but also with the history of art and, more reflexively, with film itself. In this way, the film becomes an allegory for its own production, a story about representation and the creation of artificial film worlds by new technological means. This reflexivity underscores cinema's important role in popular discourses about technological change, a role it has long served as a “technocritical art.” AI films like Ex Machina suggest that this role is changing as film enters not just the digital age but also what W.J.T. Mitchell terms the age of biocybernetics.

scholarly journals Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (14) ◽  
pp. 6531-6539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Frank ◽  
David Autor ◽  
James E. Bessen ◽  
Erik Brynjolfsson ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies have the potential to significantly disrupt labor markets. While AI and automation can augment the productivity of some workers, they can replace the work done by others and will likely transform almost all occupations at least to some degree. Rising automation is happening in a period of growing economic inequality, raising fears of mass technological unemployment and a renewed call for policy efforts to address the consequences of technological change. In this paper we discuss the barriers that inhibit scientists from measuring the effects of AI and automation on the future of work. These barriers include the lack of high-quality data about the nature of work (e.g., the dynamic requirements of occupations), lack of empirically informed models of key microlevel processes (e.g., skill substitution and human–machine complementarity), and insufficient understanding of how cognitive technologies interact with broader economic dynamics and institutional mechanisms (e.g., urban migration and international trade policy). Overcoming these barriers requires improvements in the longitudinal and spatial resolution of data, as well as refinements to data on workplace skills. These improvements will enable multidisciplinary research to quantitatively monitor and predict the complex evolution of work in tandem with technological progress. Finally, given the fundamental uncertainty in predicting technological change, we recommend developing a decision framework that focuses on resilience to unexpected scenarios in addition to general equilibrium behavior.

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