scholarly journals Women Seafarers: An Analysis of Barriers to Their Employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Momoko Kitada
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Employment Of Women

AbstractThis chapter examines the barriers to the employment of women seafarers and identifies problems in the current attempts at addressing the gender imbalance in the maritime industry. Three impediments to female employment will be discussed in the context of modern shipping: occupational cultural barriers; lack of awareness and knowledge about women at sea; and the slow development of effective policies and strategies aimed at recruiting and retaining women seafarers. It draws the conclusion that the employment of women seafarers should be more focused and that the engagement of employers, including shipping companies and crewing agencies, is necessary to improve the situation of women seafarers.

scholarly journals Negotiating The Cultural Barriers: A Study Of Organizational Commitment Of Pakhtun Female Employees In Pakistani Banking Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Sammar Abbas ◽  
Zeeshan Zaib Khattak ◽  
Muhammad Khushnood
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Female Employees

This exploratory study has been carried out in different branches of a larger bank within two cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province viz Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan. The culture of province is dominantly based on ‘Pakhtunwali’ that refers to the ‘unwritten code of life that governs and negotiates the everyday life of Pakhtuns. Pakhtunwali imposes certain cultural barriers on female employment. Among others, ‘Namos’ (protection of honor) is a foremost tenant of Pakhtunwali, which does not allow females to participate in public life. However, a recent trend reveals that more females, especially young ones, are getting engaged in paid work. These female employees demonstrate their organizational commitment through negotiating the cultural barriers at workplace. Grounded Theory techniques have been used to collect and analyze field data. This study makes important contributions in terms of understanding the work life of Pakhtuns female employees in a novel context. It will also contribute in policy formulation towards gender equity and equality in the context of Pakhtun region.

scholarly journals Duality of Female Employment in Pakistan

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 733-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Kazi ◽  
Bilquees Raza
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Official Data

Before proceeding to the main fmdings of the study it is necessary to briefly mention the problems of data collection on women's employment in Pakistan. The shortcomings of official data sources such as the Labour Force Survey and the Population Census have been pointed out in detail elsewhere [Afzal and Nasir (1987); Government of Pakistan (1986)] here it will suffice to state that women's economic participation is greatly underestimated in official statistics mainly due to unsuitable methods of data collection, inappropriate definitions of activities and stress on recording only one activity, and the cultural inhibition to admitting to women working. Given these problems the present study relies primarily on data from intensive micro-level surveys and the Agricultural Census in the case of informal ,sector employment of women since the limitations of official data are particularly " acute in these occupations, while estimates of changes over time in women's share of formal sector jobs (professionals, clerical, administrative and organized industry) are mainly based on Labour Force Survey data.

Rationalizing seclusion: A preliminary analysis of a residential schooling scheme for poor girls in India

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarada Balagopalan
Keyword(s):  
State Policies ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Normative Practices ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Double Move ◽  
Residential Schooling

The increased focus on issues of gender and schooling in India over the last decade has produced several gains that include more incentive schemes to make girls attend school, greater employment of women teachers and improved efforts to incorporate female protagonists in textbooks. However, a closer reading of this ‘gender’ focus reveals an inordinate concern with numbers, i.e. enrolment. The instrumentalism that underlies these efforts is revealed through a double-move effected by existing discourses. The first is to locate the reasons why girls are out of school strictly within a reading of cultural and familial practices and (secondly) to therefore fail to recognize normative practices of schooling and State policies as already deeply ‘gendered’. This double-move is epitomized in the Indian State’s more recent efforts to set up residential elementary schools for girls (Kasturba Gandhi Vidyalayas) in each district of the country; an effort that has been publicly lauded as the most effective way to overcome cultural barriers to girls’ schooling. Through a focus on policy documents that discuss this scheme, the article will interrogate the existing conflation of ‘gender’ with a biological/culturalist reading of the ‘girl child’. In what ways does this narrow focus naturalize a binary frame of reference around the traditional family/community and the empowered girl child? Why have State efforts around educating the ‘girl child’ not been subject to greater critical analysis amongst feminist scholars in India?

The Impact of Women’s Employment on Marital Stability in Qatar Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Noora Ahmed Lari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The State of Qatar has implemented several family policies in order to improve the wellbeing of Qatari families and ensure fair distribution of development benefits for both men and women. However, there is a linkage between female employment outside the home and instability in the marriages of Qatari families. This paper investigates the impact of female employment on marital stability, based on the results of primary data collected in Qatar, a questionnaire that consisted of several sections such as challenges in the workplace, supervisor, family and spouse relations, work motivation and performance. Of the 824 questionnaires that were returned, 807 were completed and valid for analysis. Regression analysis and an ANOVA test have been used to test the relationship between the variables. The results of the research have produced mixed findings about how wives’ employment increases marital instability and have yielded few significant differences on mean scores of discuss on work demands, insufficient time together, housework, financial matters, communication, relatives and rearing children. The results indicates that in general Qatar working women face several challenges in relation to their marital life as part of cultural and social constraints.

Naval Hybrid Power Take-Off and Power Take-In – Lessons Learnt and Future Advances

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Benatmane ◽  
B Salter
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Great Pressure

With the ever tightening of budgets and legislation, new vessel builds are facing tough times.  The future maritime industry requires more efficient vessels to minimise ship operational costs with cleaner technologies that meet stringent environment regulations, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon emissions. Emissions reduction continues to be high on the agenda for the marine industry, it is responsible for about 2.5 percent of global greenhouse emissions1 and is under great pressure to reduce its environmental impact. With pressure comes the opportunity to incentivize innovation, developments and implementation of energy efficient measures, both design and operational. Naval propulsion systems are no different from other industries, and the industry is exploring ways to optimise propulsion and electrical power generation systems architecture for better performance and efficiency. Electric technology plays a leading role. The paper will: Provide a brief overview about the hybrid propulsion concept, with key electrical, mechanical qualities and issues. Describe different designs configurations and performances of hybrid propulsion systems from demonstrated and operational systems in the commercial and naval world. Cover the lessons learnt in technologies and controls used on such systems. Examine future architectures including energy storage and explore the benefits and the flexibility these can bringto the hybrid propulsion sphere.

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