Generalized Cost of Daily Trips on the Example of Public Transport and Private Car Selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Kłos-Adamkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Generalized Cost

scholarly journals Investigation of Employee Related Airport Ground Access Strategies from a Post-COVID Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Yilmaz ◽  
Matthew Frost ◽  
Andrew Timmis ◽  
Stephen Ison
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Access Policies

Until recently, addressing the environmental externalities associated with the use of the private car and single occupancy vehicles has been the focus of the airport ground access policies worldwide. However, with the emerging unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, which have already changed the way we live, work, and travel, encouraging a change in commuter behavior has become even more important. This has necessitated that existing strategies be reconsidered in favor of adapting to a highly uncertain “COVID-19 world.” Historically, there has been a dearth of literature relating to airport employees’ ground access even though as a group employees represent an important segment of airport users with complex access requirements. This paper therefore focuses on airport employee related airport ground access strategies considering an emerging understanding of the future impacts of COVID-19 on global air travel. Pre-COVID strategies are investigated by conducting a documentary analysis of the most recent ground access strategies of 27 UK airports. The findings reveal that airport ground access strategies were mainly focused on setting targets and producing policy measures in favor of reducing car use and increasing the use of more sustainable transport modes including public transport, car sharing, and active travel (walking, cycling). However, measures encouraging public transport and car sharing will be more difficult to implement because of social distancing and fear of proximity to others. Instead, initiatives encouraging remote working, active travel, and improved staff awareness will be at the forefront of the future ground access strategy development.

Planned Traffic Stability on a Rail Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ștefănică ◽  
Vasile Dragu ◽  
Ştefan Burciu ◽  
Anamaria Ilie ◽  
Oana Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Event Dynamic ◽  
The Stability

Impetuous multiplication of mobility and road traffic proliferation lead to concerns for increasing the attractiveness of urban public transport. Compared to private car use, urban public transport attractiveness is conditioned, in particular, by travel times and certainty of respecting the transport schedules, meaning planned traffic stability. Traffic schedules are considered to be more stable as the primary delays from the announced schedule have low probabilities and values and their propagation as repeated delays is least noticed in time and space. Solutions for assuring traffic stability must take into consideration contradictory aspects, because introducing time reserves in the schedules means time travel extensions. In order to assure the stability of planned traffic, present paper develops studies of various models and methods that aim to reduce inherent primary delays. Thereby, for studying repeated delays on a complex network, a mathematical model adequate to a Discrete Event Dynamic System (DEDS), that in MAX-PLUS algebra becomes a linear system, was used. The paper concludes with a case study on an integrated network resulted from the superposition of Bucharest’s existing suburban rail network with the underground network designed for 2030, being identified measures for improving the stability indicators. Traffic stability is assessed on the basis of two indicators: instability coefficient and delay elimination rate. Main measure for improving stability indicators is the growth of time reserves taking into consideration the quality requirements resulting from the condition of maintaining a reduced planned travel time.

Assessing airport ground access by public transport in Chinese cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Transport Geography ◽  
Private Car ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Systematic Data Collection

This article assesses airport ground access by public transport in China. Recent literature has highlighted the economic, environmental and social significance of airport ground access. Existing studies on airport ground access have predominately centred on North America and Europe and, to date, limited attempts have been made to assess the emerging Chinese market. Studies of urban and transport geography have detailed the shifting air connectivity of Chinese cities and the economic impacts, but have paid little attention to ground access to airports. We, therefore, assess the ground accessibility to major Chinese airports based on online map services. Specifically, we characterise airport ground access across entire cities, as well as comparing time and monetary costs for travelling between airports and city centres by private car and public transport. We conclude with suggestions for future research, and call for more systematic data collection related to airport ground access.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9620
Author(s):  
Melika Mehriar ◽  
Houshmand Masoumi ◽  
Inmaculada Mohino
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Private Car

The present study aimed to investigate different socioeconomic factors as well as the perceptions and travel behaviors associated with urban sprawl in two cities of different sizes in Iran, as a developing country in the Middle East. Four Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression models were developed for Hamedan and Nowshahr, as examples of large and small cities in Iran, respectively. The findings showed different correlations related to urban sprawl between Iranian cities and high-income countries in terms of socioeconomic and travel behavior determinants. Urban sprawl around home in Hamedan was positively correlated with the number of cars and driving licenses in households, the use of a private car for trips, and less use of public transport. Urban sprawl around homes in Nowshahr was related to an increased number of cars, the use of private cars for non-commuting trips, less sense of belonging to the neighborhood, and lower income. Additionally, urban sprawl around workplaces was correlated with main daily activity, number of non-commuting trips, mode of choice for non-commuting, and residential location choice in Hamedan a swell as monthly income, daily shopping area, frequency of public transport use, quality of recreational facilities, length of time for living in the current home, and commuting distance in Nowshahr.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Mobility: Empirical Evidence from the City of Santander (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Aloi ◽  
Borja Alonso ◽  
Juan Benavente ◽  
Rubén Cordera ◽  
Eneko Echániz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Northern City

This article analyses the impact that the confinement measures or quarantine imposed in Spain on 15 March 2020 had on urban mobility in the northern city of Santander. Data have been collected from traffic counters, public transport ITS, and recordings from traffic control cameras and environmental sensors to make comparisons between journey flows and times before and during the confinement. This data has been used to re-estimate Origin-Destination trip matrices to obtain an initial diagnostic of how daily mobility has been reduced and how the modal distribution and journey purposes have changed. The impact on externalities such as NO2 emissions and traffic accidents have also been quantified. The analysis revealed an overall mobility fall of 76%, being less important in the case of the private car. Public transport users dropped by up to 93%, NO2 emissions were reduced by up to 60%, and traffic accidents were reduced by up to 67% in relative terms.

scholarly journals Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Benenson ◽  
Karel Martens ◽  
Yodan Rofé ◽  
Ariela Kwartler
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Private Car

Paper B: A Public-Transport System Using Four-Passenger Self-Routing Cars

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Single Track ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Induction Motor Drives ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Public Transport Service

The proposed system is an automatic-taxi, public-transport service for towns and cities, capable of 10 000 passengers per hour per track and aimed to be competitive with the private car. Mini-sized cars are used which carry up to four adult passengers, using induction-motor drives powered from an overhead rail. The cars are driverless and route themselves at 35 mile/h to their destination with no stops at intermediate stations, though they are slowed down when changing to another line. The cars move along a light-weight totally-enclosed track of less than 7 ft diameter, which can be supported above existing roadways or buildings. The total capital cost is of the order of λ400,000 per single-track mile and the total operational cost 1 d. to 2 d. per passenger mile. A complete system for a town of 400 000 inhabitants, involving 100 single-track miles, would cost from λ30 million to λ40 million.

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