scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Portugal

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Nazaré da Costa Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Security System ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Security Regimes

Abstract This chapter starts by discussing the Portuguese Social Security system and how it has evolved since the establishment of the democratic regime in 1974. This is in fact a heterodox system – included in the so-called Mediterranean model of social protection – with elements both from the Bismarckian and Beveridgean models. Next, the chapter examines the main features of migration movements in Portugal (emigration and immigration) and analyses social security regimes applying to foreign citizens (both from EU or third countries) in order to identify potential differences when compared with the regimes applicable to national citizens.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Belgium

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

Abstract Access to social benefits in Belgium is not conditional upon nationality but rather on periods of insurance to the Belgian social security system. Despite the lack of nationality conditions, a number of social benefits are made conditional upon residence of the beneficiary in Belgium. Consequently, even though the Belgian social security system appears, at first sight, as neutral regarding the migration trajectory of its beneficiaries, it might be more difficult for migrants to access, retain and export social security benefits from Belgium when compared to resident nationals. This chapter thus compares the conditions of access to social benefits for nationals and non-nationals residing in Belgium, as well as Belgian citizens residing abroad. It aims to analyse whether migration decisions impact access to and retention of social security benefits. More particularly, the analysis focuses on access to unemployment benefits, healthcare, old-age pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum income. Finally, this chapter also questions whether access to social benefits might have a consequence for the residence status of non-nationals in Belgium.

scholarly journals “Brechas de género" y sistema español de Seguridad Social: balance crítico y algunas propuestas de corrección

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Molina Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Security Relations ◽  
El Sistema

En los últimos años, la lucha jurídico-social contra las desigualdades y/o las discriminaciones por razón de sexo no se juega sólo en el ámbito de las relaciones de trabajo, también en el de la protección social. Junto al movimiento a favor de la erradicación de la “brecha salarial”, ha surgido y se está desarrollando el que busca la corrección de las “brechas de género en protección social”. Las brechas de género en protección social son más difíciles de resolver que las brechas jurídico-laborales, porque además de depender del éxito de la solución de estas, exigen otras decisiones de tipo institucional, a fin de compensar las desigualdades no sólo de derecho sino de hecho, tanto en el mercado de trabajo como en la distribución sexista del trabajo de cuidar. El sistema español de seguridad social viene haciendo notables esfuerzos en tiempos recientes para reducir las brechas de género en pensiones públicas, y en otras ramas de protección del sistema de seguridad social. Sin embargo, los resultados no han tenido aún el éxito necesario para que la corrección resulte suficiente. De ahí la necesidad de ir más allá, tanto por parte del legislador como de los propios tribunales de justicia, a través de la interpretación con perspectiva de género en materia de seguridad social In recent years, the legal-social struggle against inequalities and / or discrimination based on sex is also played out in social security relations, not only in labor relations. Together with the movement in favor of the elimination of the "gender wage gap", another parallel is being developed aimed at reducing the "gender gaps in social protection". Gender gaps in social protection are more difficult to solve than legal-labor gaps. First, because the gaps in social protection derive from gender gaps in the labor market. Second, because, in addition, they require other decisions of an institutional nature, to compensate inequalities not only in law but in fact, both in the labor market and in the sexist distribution of reproductive work. The Spanish social security system is making notable efforts to reduce the gender gaps in public pensions, and in other branches of social security system protection. However, the results have not yet been successful enough for the correction to be sufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to advance faster and faster in gender equality in terms of social protection. A task that mainly concerns the legislator, but also the courts of justice, through interpretation with a gender perspective on social security

scholarly journals REGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Inna Molochenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Security System ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
The Social

One of the main components of a developed state is to ensure human rights and freedoms and decent living conditions. Ensuring social protection of people with disabilities and normal living conditions is one of the main issues today. The article reveals the essence of normative and legal provision of life of people with disabilities in Ukraine. The main legislative documents on social security and protection of people with disabilities were also collected and analyzed. In order to fully outline the real picture of the opportunities that the state provides to people in this category. The purpose of the article: to analyze the legal framework for the livelihood of people with disabilities, to determine the main provisions, purposes and activities. Research methods: during the study, the search for sources of information, relevant legal documents was used. Priority legislative documents regulating the issues of social security of people with disabilities were also analyzed and singled out. The positive and negative aspects of the social security system of life of people with disabilities have been synthesized. The received information is generalized for systematization of the basic provisions concerning social security of people with disabilities. The above material allows us to draw the following conclusions that the legal framework for the protection of people with disabilities is indeed a powerful means of improving their living conditions. It involves solving a large number of problems and issues in the field of social security for people with disabilities. The findings of the study indicate the imperfection of the system of ensuring the livelihood of people with disabilities. The main disadvantage of the system is the lack of comprehensive impact on the lives of people with disabilities. Despite the interrelationships between the regulatory and structural elements of the social security system. This system will be more effective if it works comprehensively, ie in harmony with all structural elements. The legal framework on the subject of research is a fairly extensive system, which includes a number of bylaws, which also requires detailed study, which will be the purpose of further research.

scholarly journals The general health social security system and the formation of its human talent

2014 ◽  
pp. 52-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Alberto Herrera ◽  
Lina María García Zapata ◽  
Mario Hernández Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
General Health ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
National Education ◽  
Insurance Model

The General Health Social Security System plays a double function in terms of healthcare and formation of its human talent. A historical relationship exists globally between healthcare systems and systems of higher education in health. In Colombia, this relationship has been regulated by the ministries of National Education and Health and Social Protection, not without articulation difficulties. In fact, any situation that affects the healthcare system will necessarily affect the quality of the formation of its human talent in the sector. The country began, with Legislation 100 of 1993, a healthcare insurance model seeking to accomplish universal coverage. Currently, over 90% of the population has some form of insurance and due to pressure from the Constitutional Court the two main regimes have the same benefits plan, although with different values of the capitation payment unit (CPU). Although it has been recognized that the vulnerable population now has more access to healthcare services and that currently a quality assurance system is in place, it is also true that unacceptable inequities exist according to the people’s payment capacity; we have lost the vision of public health, which must organize the system as a whole and there is no effective intervention of the healthcare social determinants.

scholarly journals 100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w Polsce Abstract.

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Brenk ◽  
Krzysztof Chaczko ◽  
Rafał Pląsek
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.

scholarly journals Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Roman Garbiec
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Economic Equity

The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sustainable system must be designed so that all its elements are compatible both with social risks that are protected in the system and with the elements of the social security system. The paper presents the Polish social protection system together with the social security system, the risks that are protected in the social insurances and a concept of changes that should be made to optimize the social security system.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Analía Minteguiaga ◽  
Valerie Carmel
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Informal Labour

AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Alex Jingwei He
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Differential Access

AbstractThis chapter presents a schematic overview of the Chinese social security system in terms of coverage, financing, service delivery, eligibility, and entitlement. In view of the rapid migration both from and to China, the multitude of social policy challenges have arisen. This chapter pays particular attention to the differential access to social protection across citizens, foreigners residing in China, and Chinese citizens living abroad. Given the continuous reforms in the recent years, this chapter aims to provide an up-to-date overview of social security framework, especially that governing international migration, in the world’s most populous country and the second largest economy.

The Determinant of the Employment-Social Protection Relation in Turkey

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Davuthan Günaydın
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The Social

Social protection can be recognized as one of the most significant social achievements of the last century. In this study one of the most important issues of labour market in Turkey - employment-social protection relationship - will be evaluated. It can hardly be argued that Turkey has a comprehensive social protection system. An important part of people who are at the age of working are not covered by the social security system with reasons such as: low labour force participation rate, prevalence of informal employment, child labour, high share of employment in the agricultural sector, the weakness of the social security system and problems of labour market regulation. This situation increases the need of social protection systems. On the other hand, weakness in coordination between the institutions those operate in the field of social assistance and lack of appropriate criteria in determining the real people in need cause inefficient and inadequate supplying of services and inefficiency in using sources.

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