scholarly journals Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in Jakarta

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Deden Rukmana ◽  
Dinar Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Economic Census ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation

AbstractSocioeconomic segregation has become a common phenomenon, both in the Global North and Global South, and highly relates to income inequality. The merging of these two notions affects the geography of residential areas which are based on the socio-occupational composition. This chapter focuses on the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Not only is Jakarta the largest metropolitan area in Southeast Asia, it is also one of the most dynamic. Batavia, the colonial capital of the former Dutch East Indies in the first half of the twentieth century, was a small urban area of approximately 150,000 residents. In the second half of the century, Batavia became Jakarta, a megacity of 31 million people and the capital of independent Indonesia was beset with most of the same urban problems experienced in twenty-first-century Southeast Asia, including poverty, income inequality, and socioeconomic segregation. This study aims to identify the correlation among income inequality, socioeconomic segregation, and other institutional and contextual factors which caused residential segregation in JMA. The analysis consists of two stages. First, we examine income inequality measured by the Gini Index as well as the occupational structure based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Second, we investigate residential segregation by using the Dissimilarity Index as a result of socioeconomic intermixing in residential areas. The data in this study comes from multiple sources including Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia’s National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), Indonesia’s Economic Census, Jakarta’s Regional Bureau of Statistics, and policies related to the housing system and investment in the JMA. This study also produces maps of socioeconomic segregation patterns from several sources including Jakarta’s Geospatial Information Centre, Jakarta’s Spatial Plan Information System, and the Indonesian Poverty Map by the SMERU Research Institute.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Residential Segregation in European Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Tiit Tammaru ◽  
Anastasia Sinitsyna ◽  
Alireza Akhavizadegan ◽  
Maarten van Ham ◽  
Szymon Marcińczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractBasedonextensiveresearchwithdistinguished scholars within the book project ‘Socioeconomic Segregation in European Capital Cities’, this chapter summarizes the key trends in income inequalityand socioeconomic segregationin Europe. We draw our data from the two last census rounds, and we focus on the most common indicators of incomeinequality(Gini Index) and residential segregation(DissimilarityIndex). We find that levels of residential segregation grew between the two last censuses in most of the cities included in our study. Changes in residential segregation follow changes in income inequality with a time lag, and it tends to happen in both directions. Low levels of income inequality relate to low levels of segregation after 10 years, and high levels of inequality relate to high levels of segregation after 10 years.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Residential Segregation and Income Inequality in Bogotá: An Analysis Based on Census Data of 2005

2021 ◽  
pp. 433-450
Author(s):  
Alexandra López Martínez ◽  
Owen Eli Ceballos Mina
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

AbstractResidential segregation is both a cause and consequence of socioeconomic inequalities. Since the 1990s, segregation patterns in Latin American cities have changed significantly. This is related to major urban transformations caused by privatization policies related to urban development, commercialization, and real estate activity. The main purpose of this chapter is to study residential socioeconomic segregation in the city of Bogotá, Colombia in 2005, using educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status while considering the drivers of segregation during the 1990s. We also introduce a brief analysis of the relationship between residential segregation and inequality based on a model that allows replicating the income distribution of the population using census variables. This chapter shows that residential segregation in Bogotá is related to per capita income inequality, however, segregation may be caused by the dynamics of land and housing markets rather than inequality.

scholarly journals Mobility Trends before and after the Pandemic Outbreak: Analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the Lens of Equality and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7908
Author(s):  
Lucía Mejía-Dorantes ◽  
Lídia Montero ◽  
Jaume Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After

The spatial arrangement of a metropolis is of utmost importance to carry out daily activities, which are constrained by space and time. Accessibility is not only shaped by the spatial and temporal dimension, but it is also defined by individual characteristics, such as gender, impairments, or socioeconomic characteristics of the citizens living or commuting in this area. This study analyzes mobility trends and patterns in the metropolitan area of Barcelona before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with special emphasis on gender and equality. The study draws on multiple sources of information; however, two main datasets are analyzed: two traditional travel surveys from the transport metropolitan area of Barcelona and two coming from smartphone data. The results show that gender plays a relevant role when analyzing mobility patterns, as already highlighted in other studies, but, after the pandemic outbreak, some population groups were more likely to change their mobility patterns, for example, highly educated population groups and those with higher income. This study also highlights that e-activities may shape new mobility patterns and living conditions for some population segments, but some activities cannot be replaced by IT technologies. For all these reasons, city and transport planning should foster sustainable development policies, which will provide the maximum benefit for society.

scholarly journals Spatial Accessibility to Local Public Services in an Unequal Place: An Analysis from Patterns of Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Yasna Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Low Income Groups

The study of the relationship between the provision of local public services and residential segregation is critical when it might be the social manifestation of spatial income inequality. This paper analyzes how the spatial accessibility to local public services is distributed equitably among different social and economic groups in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago (MR), Chile. To accomplish this objective, I use accessibility measures to local public services such as transportation, public education, healthcare, kindergartens, parks, fire and police stations, cultural infrastructure, and information about housing prices and exempted housing units from local taxes by block, as well as quantile regressions and bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The main results confirm the accessibility to local public services is unequally distributed among residents. However, it affects more low-income groups who are suffering from significant deficits in the provision of local public services. In this scenario, poor residents face a double disadvantage due to their social exclusion from urban systems and their limited access to essential services such as education, healthcare, or transportation. In particular, I found that social residential segregation might be reinforced by insufficient access to local infrastructure that the most impoverished population should assume.

scholarly journals International Newcomers and their direct, indirect and cumulative effect on Ethnic Residential Segregation: A Dynamic Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Dynamic Perspective

Previous studies show households' selective residential mobility as a principal cause of residential segregation. However, a less studied aspect of residential segregation has been how foreign newcomers affect those mobility patterns and consequently residential segregation trends. This paper extends previous investigations by evaluating the effects of newly arrived immigrants on ethnic residential segregation from a dynamic perspective. Unlike previous studies, this study analyzes newcomers' neighborhood choices together with their direct, indirect, and cumulative effects on segregation. Results show that immigrant settlements not only exacerbate residential segregation by landing in already segregated areas (direct effect) but by triggering segregating promoting movements in households living in destination neighborhoods (undirect effect). Both results contribute to producing a higher level of segregation compared with a situation where newcomers would have been randomly allocated across the residential areas (cumulative effect). These findings highlight the importance of reception strategies in host cities to palliate segregation levels and demonstrates its cumulative effects.

scholarly journals ERAS OF WEB MAPPING DEVELOPMENTS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Web Map ◽  
The Past

Developments in web mapping and web based geographic information systems (GIS) have evolved rapidly over the past two decades. What began as online map images available to a small group of geospatial experts and professionals has developed to a comprehensive and interactive web map based on integrated information from multiple sources and manipulated by masses of users globally. This paper introduces a framework that outlines the eras of web mapping and significant developments among those eras. From this framework, some of the influences and trends can be determined, particularly those in relation to the development of technologies and their relation to the growth in the number and diversity of users and applications that utilise web mapping and geospatial information online.

Geographic Disparities in Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
Tomoya Hanibuchi
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
Supportive Environments ◽  
Post War ◽  
Neighbourhood Scale ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter highlights the geographical aspects of health disparities in Japan at different levels, from the 47 prefectures nationally to the neighbourhood level. In the post-war period, Japan has successfully attained the longest life expectancy in the world. At the same time, it has substantially reduced geographical disparities among the prefectures. This indicates that reducing such disparities in living standards may also be related to improving the health of a country’s entire population. However, disparities of health have appeared among populations living in socially segmented areas in large neighbourhoods of metropolitan regions. Such neighbourhood-scale disparities in health are associated with a number of environmental characteristics of Japanese neighbourhoods reflecting socioeconomic segregation and development histories of residential areas. In the era of a super-aging society that contains the threat of re-widening social inequalities, Japan faces challenges to build health-supportive environments for tackling multi-scale disparities.

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