Beneficial Medicinal Plants for Memory and Cognitive Functions Based on Traditional Persian Medicine

Background: Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients. Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in the both developed and developing countries, in the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive agents according to the Traditional Persian Medicine [TPM] textbooks. We summarized the relevant scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological actions. Methods: To collect the evidence for treatment of cough or “seaal” [cough in ancient books] from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated in accordance with botanical reference books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of action of the reported medicinal plants. Results: The number of 49 herbs containing essential oils were recommended in TPM for the treatment of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities. Conclusion: In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs noted by TPM, the present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising candidates that could be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.

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Medicinal plants with renal side effects from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine

European Journal of Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.eujim.2016.08.131 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Jafar Abolghasemi

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine

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Immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants used for vitiligo in traditional Persian medicine..

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200517115438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Haghir Ebrahimabadi ◽

Seyede Nargess Sadati Lamardi ◽

Laila Shirbeigi

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

New Drugs ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

White Spots ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

New Research

Background: Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder that affects 1% of the world's population. Vitiligo causes white spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or white hair by destroying skin melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown, but autoimmune, autocytotoxic, and neural mechanisms are suggested. According to the autoimmune theory, in people with vitiligo, immune cells invade and damage melanocytes. T cells are more commonly present in vitiligo patients' skin and remain in the lesion site, which is composed of CD8 and CD4 T cells. Many studies have been conducted on the presence and role of cytokines such as interleukins and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the vitiligo process. Aim: This study aimed to introduce herbs effective against vitiligo from the perspective of Persian medicine and to investigate their possible therapeutic mechanisms with the possible effects of herbs on autoimmune mechanisms. Methods: For this purpose, keywords were used to extract data from Persian medicine textbooks, and then relevant scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were examined. Results: It was found that Persian medicine scholars used 50 different medicinal plants to treat and reduce the complications of vitiligo, and recent scientific studies have the proven immune-regulating properties and reducing effect of many of them on cytokines. Conclusion: According to scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects, new research into the effects of these plants on vitiligo can lead to the discovery of new drugs and approaches for treating this disease.

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An evidence-based review of medicinal plants used in traditional Persian medicine for treatment of osteoarthritis

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200316105658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Soodeh Karami ◽

Shiva Shamshiri ◽

Mohammad Abdollahi ◽

Roja Rahimi

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

New Drugs ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Therapeutic Goals ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine

: Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be the leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The prevalence of this disease in adults over 60 years was 9.6% in men and 18% in women. The therapeutic goals of this disease generally include pain relief with the least side effects, improvement of articular function and improvement of life, in which pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are performed in different protocols. Due to the common side effects of pain relievers and complaints after invasive joint surgeries, there is a growing interest in the use of Traditional and Complementary protocols in OA treatment. In this paper, different sources of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) were searched to obtain any evidences evaluating any medicinal plants in the management of OA. Over 250 effective medicinal plants for the treatment of OA have been introduced in these sources, and by searching electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus, we have found that of these plants, 39 have direct or indirect evidence in the treatment of this complication by different mechanism of actions such as effect on Body mass index (BMI), obesity and dyslipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activity. The most important medicinal plants with direct evidences in the management of OA are Allium sativum, Commiphora mukul, Linum usitatissimum, Matricaria chamomilla, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officinale, and Piper nigrum. Medicinal plants seem to be a valuable source for discovering and identifying new drugs for treatment of OA; however, since most of studies are preclinical, further clinical trials are required to achieve more conclusive results.

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An Evidence-based Study on Pharmacological Treatments of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Traditional Persian Medicine

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190902114137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 188-202

Author(s):

Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab ◽

Haleh Tajadini ◽

Mohammad Setayesh

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases regarded as the primary cause of chronic liver disease, which may lead to hepatic failure. Despite the recent developments in the treatment of NAFLD, the necessity to find more efficient treatments has led to investigation on medicinal plants. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the oldest medical schools in the world. For treatment of NAFLD, different medicinal plants have been employed in TPM. Objective: Considering the public welcome for herbal medicines, the current evidence-based review study is conducted to investigate herbal remedies for NAFLD in TPM. Methods: Medicinal plants for treating NFALD were extracted according to three famous textbooks of Persian medicine. Then anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of these medicinal plants were investigated according to modern medicine. For this purpose, databases including Scopus, web of sciences, Pubmed, Google scholar and science direct were searched. Results: Investigations of Persian medicine textbooks resulted in deriving 53 herbs, which are useful for treating NAFLD. Searching through aforesaid databases showed that most of these plants can help to treat this disease in at least 2 ways. 25 herbs are effective in all 5 mentioned effects. Conclusion: It should be considered that in Persian medicine, first-line treatment is correction of life style, then if necessary, herbs are prescribed. However, this study showed that many herbs mentioned in Persian medicine for treatment of NAFLD might have a potential to aid patient with this disease.

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Botanical Sources for Alzheimer’s: A Review on Reports From Traditional Persian Medicine

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/1533317517717013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 429-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ayda Hosseinkhani ◽

Ali Sahragard ◽

Aida Namdari ◽

Mohammad M. Zarshenas

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Clinical Validation ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

Butyryl Cholinesterase

Herbal medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have attracted considerable attention nowadays. Alzheimer’s disease is described in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) by the term Nesyān. In this study, 5 main medicinal medieval Persian manuscripts were reviewed to filter plants reported for the treatment of Nesyān. Databases were searched for related possible mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants. Each herb was searched for along with these keywords: “acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibition,” “antioxidant,” “anti-inflammatory,” and “anti-amyloidogenic.” In Total, 44 herbs were used for the treatment of Nesyān; 40 of those were authenticated. Also, 30 plants had at least one of the mechanisms of action that were searched for or related pharmacological functions known for the treatment of AD. In this work, we introduce promising candidates in TPM that could undergo further investigation for identification of their active compounds and clinical validation in the treatment of AD.

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INTESTINAL HELMINTHS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF TRADITIONAL PERSIAN MEDICINE VERSUS MODERN MEDICINE

African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines ◽

10.21010/ajtcamv15i2.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Arezoo Moini Jazani ◽

Ramin Farajpour Maleki ◽

Abdol Hasan Kazemi ◽

Leila Ghasemi Matankolaei ◽

Somayyeh Taheri Targhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Modern Classification ◽

History Of ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine ◽

Human Digestive System ◽

Old Persian ◽

Classification And Treatment

Background: Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) has a history of almost 10,000 years with practice and experience aspects. The existing information and experiences of physicians such as Avicenna clearly show the vast amount of knowledge in the classification and treatment of pathogenic worms. The aim of this paper was the description of the various types of helminths along with their treatment in medieval Persia and comparing them with new medical findings. Materials and Methods: We searched main Traditional Persian Medical and pharmacological texts about etiology, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of worms in the human digestive system and the out come was compared with the data extracted from modern medical sources. A list of medicinal plants was also extracted from traditional pharmacological books and the anthelmintic properties of these plants were checked in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Ulrich's databases. Results: The results show the existence of theories on pathogenicity, physiopathology, symptoms and the classification of worms in TPM. TPM philosophers have divided worms into four groups and there is not great difference between old Persian and Modern classification. The old Persian scholars have explained a treatment procedure using a list of 48 medicinal plants and the anthelmintic effect of 23 plants have been shown in modern medicine studies. Conclusion: This study shows a more in-depth and thorough classification of pathogenic worms, their pathogenicity, symptoms and treatments in Traditional Persian Medical compared to Greek Medicine so that old Persian classification may be the base of modern taxonomy. More clinical trials are suggested for the efficacy and safety of these plants.

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Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/3052768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arezoo Moini Jazani ◽

Kobra Hamdi ◽

Mojgan Tansaz ◽

Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽

Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Conventional Medicine ◽

Library Science ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽

Persian Medicine ◽

Traditional Persian Medicine

Introduction. Menstrual bleeding cessation is one of the most frequent gynecologic disorders among women in reproductive age. The treatment is based on hormone therapy. Due to the increasing request for alternative medicine remedies in the field of women’s diseases, in present study, it was tried to overview medicinal plants used to treat oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea according to the pharmaceutical textbooks of traditional Persian medicine (TPM) and review the evidence in the conventional medicine. Methods. This systematic review was designed and performed in 2017 in order to gather information regarding herbal medications of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in TPM and conventional medicine. This study had several steps as searching Iranian traditional medicine literature and extracting the emmenagogue plants, classifying the plants, searching the electronic databases, and finding evidences. To search traditional Persian medicine references, Noor digital library was used, which includes several ancient traditional medical references. The classification of plants was done based on the repetition and potency of the plants in the ancient literatures. The required data was gathered using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and web of knowledge. Results. In present study of all 198 emmenagogue medicinal plants found in TPM, 87 cases were specified to be more effective in treating oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. In second part of present study, where a search of conventional medicine was performed, 12 studies were found, which had 8 plants investigated: Vitex agnus-castus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Paeonia lactiflora, Sesamum indicum, Mentha longifolia, and Urtica dioica. Conclusion. Traditional Persian medicine has proposed many different medicinal plants for treatment of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. Although just few plants have been proven to be effective for treatment of menstrual irregularities, the results and the classification in present study can be used as an outline for future studies and treatment.

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