Effects of K2O Addition on the Reduction Smelting of Phosphorite for the Yellow Phosphorus Production

Yellow phosphorus slag (YPS) is a typical industrial solid waste, while it contains abundant silicon micronutrient required for the growth of rice. The key scientific problem to use the YPS as rice fertilizer is how to activate the slag efficiently during the phosphorite reduction smelting process. In this work, an alkaline rice fertilizer from the activated YPS was successfully prepared to use the micronutrients. Thermodynamic analyses of SiO2-CaO, SiO2-CaO-Al2O3, and SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO systems were discussed to optimize the acidity for reduction smelting. Results showed that the reduction smelting followed by the water quenching process can realize the reduction of phosphorite and activation of YPS synchronously. Ternary acidity m(SiO2)/(m(CaO) + m(MgO)) of 0.92 is suitable for the reduction smelting and activation of the slag. After smelting, the molten YPS can be effectively activated by water quenching, and 78.28% P, 90.03% Ca, and 77.12% Si in the YPS are activated, which can be readily absorbed by the rice roots. Finally, high-strength granular rice fertilizers with a particle size of Φ2–4 mm were successfully prepared from the powdery nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) and activated YPS mixture.

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Thermodynamic Modeling and Gaseous Pollution Prediction of the Yellow Phosphorus Production

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/ie200419a ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (21) ◽

pp. 12194-12202 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Zhonghua Wang ◽

Ming Jiang ◽

Ping Ning ◽

Gang Xie

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Modeling ◽

Yellow Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Production ◽

Gaseous Pollution ◽

Pollution Prediction

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Study of the Chemical Interactions Between Iron Phosphides and Iron Silicides

Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal ◽

10.18321/ectj195 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

G.M. Serzhanov ◽

V.M. Shevko ◽

B.A. Lavrov

Keyword(s):

Energy Minimization ◽

Phosphorus Release ◽

Iron Silicides ◽

Yellow Phosphorus ◽

Metallurgical Company ◽

Iron Phosphides ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Phosphorus Production ◽

Kinetic Mode ◽

Kinetics Of

This article contains the research results of the thermodynamic modeling of interaction of iron phosphides Fe2P and FeP with FeSi2, obtained by a method of the total thermodynamic analysis on the basis of the program HSC-5.1 of the Finnish metallurgical company Outokumpu, developed on both a principle of the Gibbs energy minimization, and also kinetics of the phosphorus release by ferrosilicon from the electrothermal ferrophosphorus – a by-product of the yellow phosphorus production. It was found, that temperature of the beginning of the phosphorus formation in systems iron phosphides – FeSi2 depends on a mole ratio of phosphorus in the phosphides. At the increasing this ratio from 33.3 to 50%, the temperature of the beginning of the phosphorus formation decreases from 1362 K to 1290 K. At lower temperature (773 K) there is the formation of intermediate FeP2 and FeP in a system Fe2P-FeSi2 and intermediate FeP2 in a system FeP-FeSi2, which react with FeSi2 with temperature increasing and form a gaseous phosphorus. The process proceeds in kinetic mode and is characterized by apparent activation energy of 281-389 kJ/mol.

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On the issue of complex processing of phosphorous iron ores

Chernye Metally ◽

10.17580/chm.2021.03.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4-9

Author(s):

M. R. Konevsky ◽

P. V. Kovalev ◽

S. V. Ryaboshuk ◽

A. A. Kur

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Exothermic Reaction ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

World Market ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Iron Ores ◽

Cast Irons ◽

Associated Production ◽

Yellow Phosphorus ◽

Reduction Smelting

The reasons for the complete or partial rejection of the phosphorous iron ores (PIO) usage in ferrous metallurgy contrary to a shortage of iron ore raw materials are considered. Dephosphorization of metal from high-phosphorous cast irons leads to the complication of technology and deterioration of the production economics because of high intensity of the converter smelting and increasing requirements for the purity of steel. Limitation of PIO share in the blast furnace charge and decrease of phosphorus contents in cast irons led to a deterioration of the steel phosphate slag (PS) quality as fertilizers, which results in its disposal to the dump. Information on the opposite foreign practice of obtaining satisfactory phosphate slags is given, which is an increase in cast iron phosphorus contents by addition of ferrophosphorus. The reasons for abandoning this practice are analyzed. The authors studies aimed at increasing of phosphorus concentration in phosphate slags to bring PS conditions up to the requirements for specially produced by the chemical industry fused fertilizing phosphates and/or an intermediate product for the production of yellow phosphorus are described. On the basis of research and a technical and economic assessment, the feasibility of returning to the use of ferrophosphorus after making appropriate adjustments was substantiated. According to the proposed technology, phosphorous ferroalloy is used as a direct reagent in relation to substandard phosphate slags using their physical heat and exothermic reaction. The process is feasible outside the main metallurgical units and does not require the complication of steelmaking technology. It is possible to use ferrophosphorus as a by-product of the phosphorus industry due to its excess in the world market. It could also be obtained by reduction smelting of dump PS or current discharge slag. Phosphorous iron ores deep processing and the associated production of expensive chemical products will rise economic viability of “phosphorus-infected” iron ores usage.

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Study of the Silica or K-feldspar as fluxing agent for the yellow phosphorus production

Phosphorus Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements ◽

10.1080/10426507.2018.1452923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 193 (8) ◽

pp. 520-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yin Li ◽

Zhengjie Chen ◽

Yang Jin ◽

Jupei Xia

Keyword(s):

Yellow Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Production ◽

Fluxing Agent

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Synthesis of tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride by high-concentration phosphine in industrial off-gas

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.240 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 342-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Huang ◽

Yanfu Wei ◽

Tao Zhou ◽

Yangsong Qin ◽

Kunyang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Rock ◽

Copper Chloride ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Space Velocity ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phosphonium Chloride ◽

Yellow Phosphorus ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Phosphorus Production

With increasing consumption of phosphate rock and acceleration of global phosphate production, the shortage of phosphate resources is increasing with the development and utilization of phosphate. China's Ministry of Land and Resources has classified phosphate as a mineral that cannot meet China's growing demand for phosphate rock in 2010. The phosphorus chemical industry is one of the important economic pillars for Yunnan province. Yellow phosphorus production in enterprises has led to a significant increase in the amount of phosphorus sludge. This paper focuses on phosphine generation in the process of phosphoric sludge utilization, where the flame retardant tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) is synthesized by high concentrations of phosphine. The optimum conditions are determined at a space velocity of 150 h−1, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, 0.75 g of catalyst, and a ratio of raw materials of 4:1. Because of the catalytic oxidation of copper chloride (CuCl2), the synthesis of THPC was accelerated significantly. In conclusion, THPC can be efficiently synthesized under optimal conditions and with CuCl2 as a catalyst.

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