scholarly journals Nonmarital Fertility in Europe and North-America: What Is the Role of Parental SES and Own SES?

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Judith C. Koops
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Nonmarital Fertility ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender

AbstractPrevious research has shown that parental as well as own socio-economic status (SES) influence nonmarital fertility. This chapter examines to what extent the effect of parental SES on partner status at first birth is mediated through own SES. Data from the Generations and Gender Survey, British Understanding Society Survey, Dutch Survey on Family Formation, American National Survey on Family Growth, and Canadian General Social Survey are used to examine 16 national contexts. In the majority of countries, the effect of parental SES on the likelihood of having a first birth in cohabitation and in marriage is partly explained by the intergenerational transmission of SES. A direct effect of parental SES is found in Canada, USA, Norway, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, and Romania. The effect of parental SES on the likelihood of having a first birth while being single and in marriage is partly explained by the intergenerational transmission of SES. In the USA, Austria, and Norway, a direct effect of parental SES was also found. The results suggest that in addition to the intergenerational transmission of SES, differences in family aid may influence the transition to adulthood. It is also possible that parental SES influences the motivation and ability to prevent pregnancies.

scholarly journals Late, But Not Too Late? Postponement of First Birth Among Highly Educated US Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Nitsche ◽  
Hannah Brückner
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Postponement

AbstractWe examine the link between the postponement of parenthood and fertility outcomes among highly educated women in the USA born in 1920–1986, using data from the CPS June Supplement 1979–2016. We argue that the postponement–low fertility nexus noted in demographic and biomedical research is especially relevant for women who pursue postgraduate education because of the potential overlap of education completion, early career stages, and family formation. The results show that women with postgraduate education differ from women with college education in terms of the timing of the first birth, childlessness, and completed fertility. While the postponement trend, which began with the cohorts born in the 1940s, has continued among highly educated women in the USA, its associations with childlessness and completed parity have changed considerably over subsequent cohorts. We delineate five distinct postponement phases over the 80-year observation window, consistent with variation over time in the prevalence of strategies for combining tertiary education and employment with family formation.

Islamic Feminism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Islamic Feminism ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Civil Rights Movements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Islamic Historiography ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transformation Processes

The aims of Islamic feminism are at once theological and socially reformist. Its proponents are often activists, as well as authors and scholars. It is linked to democratic reform movements within the Islamic world as well as to civil rights movements in Europe and the USA, and is supported by actors who resist the advances of patriarchal religious positions as well as Western secular definitions of modernity. Unlike secular feminists, proponents of Islamic feminism see the justification for their fight for women’s rights and gender equality in their own interpretation of Islam’s sacred text, the statements attributed to the Prophet, and his supposed life circumstances. In addition, they draw on approaches taken from new Islamic historiography. This chapter deals with the foundations of Islamic feminism and its transnational political dimension, and asks in what national and local transformation processes its proponents were able to have an impact.

Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

Moral Disengagement About Cyberbullying and Parental Monitoring: Effects on Traditional Bullying and Victimization via Cyberbullying Involvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Meter ◽  
Sheri Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Traditional Victimization ◽  
And Gender

The indirect effects of moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring on traditional victimization and bullying via cyberbullying involvement were examined in a diverse sample of 800 youth in Grades 3 to 8. After controlling for grade and gender, moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had an indirect effect on traditional victimization and bullying through cyberbullying involvement. Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had a direct effect on traditional bullying. Results suggest that moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring affect cyberbullying involvement and additionally impact experiences beyond the cyber context.

Bois and grrrls meet their daddies and mommies on gender playgrounds: Gendered age play in the les-bi-trans-queer BDSM communities

Sexualities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Intergenerational Play ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender

Based on a qualitative empirical study of les-bi-trans-queer BDSM in the USA and Europe, this article discusses sexual practices that explore the significance of age, gender and sexuality and their simultaneous workings to produce desires, embodiments, identities, intimacies and kinships that transgress and partially transform heteronormative social concepts. Queer ‘age play’ and ‘intergenerational play’ practices involved processes of becoming-child in the Deleuzian sense, renegotiating masculinity and femininity in relation to age, power and sexist stereotypes, as well as compensation for queer- and gender-related limitations experienced in one’s own childhood.

Cohort Contributions to Race- and Gender-Specific Trends in the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza W. Beal ◽  
Dmitry Tumin ◽  
Ali Kabir ◽  
Dimitrios Moris ◽  
Xu-Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Religiosity and spirituality during the transition to adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn McNamara Barry ◽  
Larry Nelson ◽  
Sahar Davarya ◽  
Shirene Urry
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
Socializing Agents

Emerging adults (approximately 18 to 25 years of age) experience heightened self-exploration regarding their beliefs and values, including those concerning religiosity and spirituality. The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding religiosity and spirituality in emerging adulthood. First, we document developmental advances in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development that support this exploration along with theoretical and empirical work on how religiosity and spirituality develop during this time period. Second, we examine the research on prevalence rates for and correlates of religiosity and spirituality. Third, we examine socializing agents of religiosity and spirituality that document parents’ indirect role relative to other adults, peers, and the media. Next, we examine the role that culture, community, and gender play in the development and socialization of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices. Lastly, future research directions and implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Notes on Race and Gender in the USA: Women’s Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Prisca Castanyer
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Violencia Domestica ◽  
And Gender

Ésta es la segunda de varias notas multidisciplinares con un objetivo en común: describir el panorama general de los derechos de la mujer en los Estados Unidos de América. Para ello, presentaremos datos estadísticos de varios estudios y del censo de los Estados Unidos. Examinaremos los derechos de la mujer en general en los Estados Unidos, comparando los datos de este país a nivel global en materias como la mortalidad materna, el matrimonio de menores de edad, los permisos de maternidad, la violencia doméstica y el asalto sexual. Desafortunadamente, esta nota mostrará que los Estados Unidos de América no está a la altura de otros países desarrollados en términos de igualdad de género, lo que se traduce en importantes repercusiones a nivel socio-económico tanto a corto como a largo plazo para la mujer en general. La primera nota se centró en la persistencia la pobreza en base a raza y género en los Estados Unidos de América. Próximas notas lo harán en los derechos reproductivos de la mujer, siempre teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la interseccionalidad en la sociedad norteamericana.

Abstract 1520: Are Contemporary Patients Hospitalized with Acute Coronary Syndrome Being Discharged on Intensive Lipid Lowering Therapy?: An Analysis Of 22, 807 Hospitalizations In GWTG-CAD

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash C Deedwania ◽  
Gregg C Fonarow ◽  
Christopher P Cannon ◽  
David Dai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Get With The Guidelines

Background: Based on the documented benefits of intensive lipid lowering therapy (LLT) with statins in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) guidelines recommend intensive LLT in ACS patients. However, little information is available regarding application of these guidelines in hospitalized ACS patients. Methods: The Get With The Guidelines database was analyzed for all ACS hospitalizations from 07/2005 to 04/2007 at 329 hospitals across the USA of which 277 sites reported the dose of LLT. Intensive LLT was defined as that expected to provide a >50% reduction in LDL: atorvastatin 40/80 mg, rosuvastatin 20/40 mg, simvastatin 80 mg, and any statin combined with ezetimibe. All other LLTs were considered less intensive therapy. Results: Of 60,453 ACS hospitalizations, 84.4% eligible were discharged on LLT. LLT dosing was available in 22,807 (37.7%). Of these patients only 8400 (36.8%) of ACS patients were treated at time of discharge with intensive LLT, whereas 63.2% were discharged on less intensive LLT. Comparison of demographic characteristic and clinical features revealed that older age and female gender were associated with use of less intensive LLT whereas patients undergoing PCI with a stent and history of smoking were more likely to receive intensive LLT. Admission LDL level was modestly predictive of more intensive LLT. Conclusions: In this large cohort of contemporary ACS patients, close to two-thirds of eligible patients were not discharged on intensive LLT. Age and gender appear to be significant contributors to less intensive LLT. These findings emphasize the ongoing need for implementation of current guidelines for intensive LLT in ACS patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document