scholarly journals Trauma and Migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Gail Theisen-Womersley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
And Migration ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Forms Of Violence

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the question of trauma among refugee populations. This body of research has largely focused on the immediate psychological aftermaths of armed conflicts in light of the well-described associations between these psychiatric disorders, displacement, and generalized forms of violence (Morina et al., Morina et al., .Frontiers in Psychiatry 9:433, 2018). In general, the literature attests to the greater mental health difficulties among refugees compared to general populations within host communities.

Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Mental Health ◽  
The Past

The internal migration in countries around the globe as a result of rapid urbanization and related to industrialization as a consequence of globalization has been truly remarkable. The past 50 years have seen a massive rise in the numbers of people moving and creating megapolis in many parts of the world. It is inevitable that with such massive internal migration come stressors such as pollution, lack of space, overcrowding, unemployment, and increased likelihood of infectious diseases, all of which contribute to an increase in psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, such migration can also lead to the splintering of social support and the fraying of social networks, which can further contribute to poor help-seeking and poor therapeutic adherence and poor prognosis. This book highlights challenges in managing mental health and psychiatric disorders in urban areas. The contributors include researchers, clinicians, urban planners, urban designers, and others who are interested in the field. The book will appeal to all mental health professionals, whether they are working in urban areas or rural areas.

scholarly journals ED visits and hospital admissions of foreigners for psychiatric disorders in Rome from 2007 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nardi ◽  
G Migliara ◽  
A Angelozzi ◽  
S Caminada ◽  
M Giffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Mental Health Service Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background First generation immigrants are at high risk of psychiatric disorders (PD). Moreover, cultural and migration related factors can act as barriers in the access to care. The aim of this study was to analyze the emergency department (ED) visits and the subsequent admissions to Umberto I, a large teaching hospital in Rome, for PD from 2007 to 2018 and to highlight the differences between Italian citizens and foreigners. Methods Adult patients were divided in 11 Nationality Groups (NGs). Basing on ICD9 codes, PD were classified in 5 categories: psychotic, mood, anxiety, personality and substance abuse disorders. Descriptive statistics were conducted for gender, age, educational level and triage. Poisson regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of different NGs, both for visits and hospital admissions, for the five psychiatric categories and for PD as a whole. Results In the period of interest there were 11,965 ED visits for PD, of which 19.2% made by foreigners. Compared to Italians, all NGs showed higher percentages of ED visits for PDs, except for Southern Asian (SA) and East-Southern east Asian (ESA); SA and ESA, together with Other Africa population, showed also higher proportion of psychosis. Regarding admissions, ESA had the highest percentage overall, while more than half of foreigner nationality groups had higher percentages of admissions for psychosis than Italians. Poisson regressions showed that only EU citizens have greater risk of ED visit (IRR 1.69, IC95% 1.46-1.96) and of hospital admission for PD (IRR 1.23, IC95% 1.02-1.49) than Italians, while Romanians, SA and ESA have lower risk. Conclusions Different risk in ED visits for PDs among NGs can be due to heterogeneity in psychopathology, cultural factors, barriers, and migrant status. More studies are necessary to better understand the needs of foreigners and to enhance their mental health service use. Key messages The risk of ED visit and hospital admission for psychiatric disorders differ among foreign populations. Different study design are needed to understand which cultural and migration related factors influence the risks, in order to provide more tailored mental health services for high risk populations.

scholarly journals Investigating a Relationship between Perceived Stress, Religious Coping, and Religiosity in Migrant Muslim Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-fatima Taini Ozeto ◽  
Thérèse Allan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has identified the heightened amount of perceived stress experienced by migrants in the West. Muslim women specifically may be at a greater exposure to perceived stress, easily being identified as different from others due to the observance of the hijab (Ahmed, 1992). However, Muslims in the UK generally have one of the lowest rates of accessing mental health services (Joint Commissioning Panel for Mental Health, 2014). Current research shows the positive role religion plays in managing perceived stress and the potential development of mental health difficulties. Few studies have been conducted on migrant populations and even fewer with female Muslim migrants. The current study aimed to investigate religiosity, as a mediator of the relationship between religious coping and perceived stress in migrant Muslim women. It also aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and migration. The results found religiosity to mediate the relationship between religious coping and perceived stress, that is, individuals with higher religiosity used religious coping and had lower perceived stress. However, there was no significant relationship between experiences of migration and perceived stress. These findings provide possible directions for mental health practitioners when working with clients from such backgrounds.

At the mercy of Janus: transitioning from the child to the adult mental health services

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
L. C. Butterly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Mental Illness Treatment ◽  
Personal Accounts

This is a personal account of the transition from the child to the adult mental health services. The title references Janus, the Roman god of transitions. As such, the narrative looks to the past and the future in youth mental health. The discussion begins with a brief examination of the phenomenon of personal accounts in the broader context of evidence-based knowledge. There are a number of themes discussed throughout this perspective including access to education and loss of vocational capacity as a result of illness and service involvement. The discussion emphasises the importance of ‘Time’ in the delivery of services and provides justification for improved access to vocational and/or therapeutic options for young people with mental health difficulties. Time is also used as a structural device in order to communicate lived experience of mental illness, treatment and recovery.

scholarly journals Is Recovery from Cannabis Dependence Possible? Factors that Help or Hinder Recovery in a National Sample of Canadians with a History of Cannabis Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Janany Jayanthikumar ◽  
Melissa L. Redmond ◽  
Senyo Agbeyaka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objectives. To identify among Canadian adults who have ever been dependent upon cannabis, the prevalence of risk and protective factors associated with (1) cannabis remission, (2) the absence of psychiatric disorders or addictions in the past year (APD), and (3) positive mental health (PMH). Method. Data from Statistics Canada’s nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (n=20,777, of whom 336 have a history of cannabis dependence) was used. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) measures were used to determine lifetime cannabis dependence, past-year remission from cannabis depression, and the absence of psychiatric disorders in the past year (APD) (i.e., no suicidal ideation, depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, or any substance dependence). PMH is comprised of three factors: APD, happiness or life satisfaction and social and psychological well-being. Results. Among those with a history of cannabis dependence, 72% were in remission from cannabis dependence. Although 53% were free of major psychiatric disorders and any substance dependence and 43% of respondents were in PMH, these percentages were dramatically lower than those without a history of cannabis dependence (92% and 74%, respectively). Positive outcomes were more common among women, older respondents, those with higher levels of social support, and those who had never had major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion. Although many Canadians with a history of cannabis dependence achieve remission and a large minority are truly resilient and achieve PMH, many are failing to thrive. Targeted outreach is warranted for the most vulnerable individuals with a history of cannabis dependence (e.g., men, younger respondents, those with low social support and a history of mental illness).

scholarly journals Migration and exile - some implications for mental health in post-apartheid South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Marchetti-Mercer ◽  
J L Roos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multicultural Context ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One

<p>The age of globalisation and the socio-political changes that have taken place in South Africa in the past decade have created powerful contexts within which the issues of belonging and finding a ‘home’ have become very relevant to all South Africans.</p><p>This article explores the phenomena of migration and exile, which are strongly characterised by an attempt to find a place one can call ‘home’ and where one can belong, and then shows how these experiences can provide a useful framework for understanding a multicultural context such as the one in South Africa.</p><p>Some of the implications of these phenomena for mental health, specifically the link between schizophrenia and migration, will also be discussed.</p>

‘They came with two guns’: the consequences of sexual violence for the mental health of women in armed conflicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (877) ◽  
pp. 177-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Josse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Community Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Circle

AbstractSexual violence has serious and multiple consequences for the mental health of women. At the psychological level, it leads to radical changes in the image that the victim has of herself, in her relations with her immediate social circle and beyond, in the community as a whole, and in the way in which the victim sees the past, present, and future. It thus has a lasting negative impact on the victim's perception of herself, of events, and of others. At the community level, it stigmatizes the victim, depriving her of any social status or intrinsic value as a person (she is seen as unfaithful or promiscuous), and thereby modifies relationships within the community with an overall deleterious effect. This article discusses these consequences of sexual violence for the mental health of women, especially those who are its victims during armed conflicts.

Factors in the development of psychiatric epidemics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. First
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Actual Incidence ◽  
Over Time

The term “epidemic” is broadly employed to refer to any occurrence of illness that is clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Whenever there is an apparent increase in the number of cases over a relatively short time, there are three possibilities: (1) a true epidemic in which the actual incidence of the disorder is increasing; (2) an increase in the number of previously undiagnosed individuals coming to clinical attention; or (3) a broadening of diagnostic definitions over time. Although reports of greatly increased rates of some psychiatric disorders in the past 30 years suggest possible “epidemics,” a closer examination raises questions about whether any of these truly represent increased incidence of the disorder in the community. In most cases, claims for the existence of an epidemic depend on reports of increased numbers of diagnoses made by mental health providers as opposed to evidence of increased rates of the symptomatic presentation.

Clinical Psychologist in Neuropsychology, 9 years’ experience, UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Coping With Trauma ◽  
Personal Understanding ◽  
Objective Stress

This chapter discusses the experience of a Clinical Psychologist who has provided psychological therapy for around one hundred people with Non-Epileptic Attack Disorder (NEAD) over the past five years. The first couple of sessions usually involve the Clinical Psychologist explaining her general understanding of NEAD and tailoring it to the person’s individual experience so that he or she has a personal understanding of what is happening. For some people, an explanation of NEAD being due to trauma and dissociation makes a lot of sense. They can recognize how they learned to automatically dissociate as a way of coping with trauma, and that their attacks are episodes of dissociation. Indeed, their NEAD may be part of wider mental health difficulties, with dissociation happening in response to overwhelming emotional distress. However, many people with NEAD do not find that this explanation makes sense for them. They are often the strong one in their family. They may have had a life with lots of hardship, trauma, and objective “stress,” but they have never felt particularly stressed or overwhelmed; they just got on with it.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders associated with intimate partner violence and sexual violence in Thai women: Aresult from the Thai National Mental Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. e000008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjaporn Panyayong ◽  
Nopporn Tantirangsee ◽  
Rudy R D Bogoian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Thai Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intimate Partner Physical Violence

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) occur commonly and are a violation of basic human rights. There are limited studies to date that examine the impact of IPV, SV and mental health outcomes in Thailand.AimsThe objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner physical violence and IPV in Thai women and the association between these forms of violence and psychiatric disorders.MethodsThe present study used data from a national cross-sectional, population-based, household design survey. This study analysed data from 3009 female respondents above the age of 18 who were interviewed in person using the World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview V.3.0 (WMH-CIDI 3.0). We estimated the lifetime and the 12-month period prevalence of IPV and SV, the lifetime and the past 12- month period correlation of IPV/SV with psychiatric disorders and the OR for psychiatric disorders associated with these types of violence.ResultsThere was only 5.2 % of the weighted sample that reported experiencing some form of violence, including reported rates of intimate partner physical violence of 3.5% and IPV of 2.0%. Women who had experienced IPV have a lifetime prevalence for common psychiatric disorders of 28.9%, for suicidal behaviours of 12.2% and for substance use disorders of 8.8%. Women who had experienced SV have a lifetime diagnoses for common psychiatric disorders of 21.4%, for suicidal behaviours of 16.5% and for substance use disorders of 19.4%. There was a statistically significant association between IPV/SV and being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder during the past year and also during one’s lifetime.ConclusionThe association between IPV/SV and psychiatric disorders is significant; therefore, performing a formal assessment for a history of violence in psychiatric patients is often beneficial in refining the diagnosis and treatment.

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