scholarly journals Graded Hoare Logic and its Categorical Semantics

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-263
Author(s):  
Marco Gaboardi ◽  
Shin-ya Katsumata ◽  
Dominic Orchard ◽  
Tetsuya Sato
Keyword(s):  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Hoare Logic ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
General Program ◽  
Verification Techniques ◽  
Categorical Semantics

AbstractDeductive verification techniques based on program logics (i.e., the family of Floyd-Hoare logics) are a powerful approach for program reasoning. Recently, there has been a trend of increasing the expressive power of such logics by augmenting their rules with additional information to reason about program side-effects. For example, general program logics have been augmented with cost analyses, logics for probabilistic computations have been augmented with estimate measures, and logics for differential privacy with indistinguishability bounds. In this work, we unify these various approaches via the paradigm of grading, adapted from the world of functional calculi and semantics. We propose Graded Hoare Logic (GHL), a parameterisable framework for augmenting program logics with a preordered monoidal analysis. We develop a semantic framework for modelling GHL such that grading, logical assertions (pre- and post-conditions) and the underlying effectful semantics of an imperative language can be integrated together. Central to our framework is the notion of a graded category which we extend here, introducing graded Freyd categories which provide a semantics that can interpret many examples of augmented program logics from the literature. We leverage coherent fibrations to model the base assertion language, and thus the overall setting is also fibrational.

scholarly journals A structured alternative to Prolog with simple compositional semantics

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 611-627
Author(s):  
ANTÓNIO PORTO
Keyword(s):  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Variable Binding ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concrete Language

AbstractProlog's very useful expressive power is not captured by traditional logic programming semantics, due mainly to the cut and goal and clause order. Several alternative semantics have been put forward, exposing operational details of the computation state. We propose instead to redesign Prolog around structured alternatives to the cut and clauses, keeping the expressive power and computation model but with a compositional denotational semantics over much simpler states—just variable bindings. This considerably eases reasoning about programs, by programmers and tools such as a partial evaluator, with safe unfolding of calls through predicate definitions. Anif-then-elseacross clauses replaces most uses of the cut, but the cut's full power is achieved by anuntilconstruct. Disjunction, conjunction anduntil, along with unification, are the primitive goal types with a compositional semantics yielding sequences of variable-binding solutions. This extends to programs via the usual technique of a least fixpoint construction. A simple interpreter for Prolog in the alternative language, and a definition ofuntilin Prolog, establish the identical expressive power of the two languages. Many useful control constructs are derivable from the primitives, and the semantic framework illuminates the discussion of alternative ones. The formalisation rests on a term language with variable abstraction as in the λ-calculus. A clause is an abstraction on the call arguments, a continuation, and the local variables. It can be inclusive or exclusive, expressing a local case bound to a continuation by either a disjunction or anif-then-else. Clauses are open definitions, composed (and closed) with simple functional application β-reduction). This paves the way for a simple account of flexible module composition mechanisms.Cube, a concrete language with the exposed principles, has been implemented on top of a Prolog engine and successfully used to build large real-world applications.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sound production and associated pharyngeal jaws in the tomtate grunt Haemulon aurolineatum (Cuvier, 1830) in Caribbean reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Millot ◽  
Frédéric Bertucci ◽  
David Lecchini ◽  
Sarah Smeets ◽  
Malika René-Trouillefou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pharyngeal Jaws

The ability to produce sounds for acoustic communication is well known in different grunt species (Haemulidae). However, most of the sounds have not been described and the sound-producing mechanism of very few grunt species has been deeply studied. Additional data is needed to search for synapomorphy in the sonic mechanism. This study describes acoustic features and branchial anatomy in Haemulon aurolineatum. Correlations were found between some acoustic features and standard length, showing the largest specimens produced shorter, lower-pitched grunts of higher intensity. Examinations of acoustic features and branchial anatomy show that H. aurolineatum uses the same stridulatory mechanism described previously in H. flavolineatum. The unusual feature of Haemulon species concerns the fourth ceratobranchials. These appear to be part of the lower pharyngeal jaws since they possess firmly attached teeth that face the upper pharyngeal jaws. The stridulation results from the rubbing of both pharyngeal and fourth ceratobranchial teeth. This mechanism is probably common to the 23 Haemulon species, but additional information is needed regarding the mechanism of other Haemulinae species to produce stridulatory sounds. Fourth ceratobranchials could constitute a key element of Haemulinae ability to produce sounds providing an eventual synapomorphic aspect of the mechanism in the family.

21. Special rights in relation to the family home

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith-Anne MacKenzie ◽  
Aruna Nair
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home ◽  
The Law ◽  
Special Rights

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on Land Law provides an accessible overview of one key area on the law curriculum. This chapter brings together some matters about the family home, and provides additional information about certain statutory rights which members of a family may have in respect of their homes, contrasting the rights of married couples and civil partners with the more limited rights of cohabitants. In conclusion, the chapter outlines proposals for reform of the law relating to cohabitants’ rights in the family home.

Additional information on the Australian genera of the family Psyllidae (Hemiptera: Homoptera)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Family

The three species described by Signoret in the genus Spondyliaspis Sign. belong to two genera. As a result Scenitopsylla Tuthill & Taylor becomes a junior synonym of Spondyliaspis, two of Signoret's species are referred to Cardiaspina Crawf., and a new genus (Glycaspis) is erected for species assigned to Spondyliaspis by Schwarz, Froggatt, and other authors. Another new genus (Hyalinaspis) is erected for Cardiaspis rubra Frogg., and Uhleria Crawf, is considered a junior synonym of Lasiopsylla Frogg. Because Thea Scott was preoccupied, a new name, Phellopsylla, is proposed for the genus containing species heretofore known under the name Thea. Psylla lidgetti Mask. is considered to be correctly placed in the genus Psylla Geoff.; Psylla subfasciata Er. in the new genus Hyalinaspis; Aphalara leptospermi Frogg. in Eucalyptolyma Frogg. Ascelis(?) multitudinea Tepper, which was referred to Trioza Forst. by Maskell, is now placed in the family Cecidomyidae (Diptera).

CFOSAT wave spectra joining the family of L2P-L3 CMEMS Wave products!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Ollivier ◽  
Gerald Dibarboure ◽  
Romain Husson ◽  
Gael Goimard ◽  
Daniele Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
New Product ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of

<p>SWIM CFOSAT innovative instrument has already shown its reliability and data quality interest through several publications since its launch in end 2018. Its nadir data are delivered to CMEMS since July 2019 in a L2P/L3. Similarly to other nadir missions AltiKa, Jason3, HY2B, S3…,  these easy to use products are based on a selection of valid data from quality criteria, and bias alignment to buoys networks. They are provided in near real time (3h) and with a 1Hz sampling.</p><p>In 2021, the CFOSAT project team is happy to provide to CMEMS, in addition to the mission full products, a  user friendly product, with preselected valid datasets of directional wave spectra and related parameters, and additional information directly derived from the calval expertises upstream. Thanks to it, non expert users should be able to have a simple access to this new product and easy compare it to SAR Wavemode L3 products already in the CMEMS catalogue.</p><p>This presentation is a user friendly approach to describe the added value, the future improvements planned and the potential of such product for non experts applications.</p>

Holotypes for three Caspian gastropods of the family Hydrobiidae tracked down: description and taxonomic interpretations

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
VITALIY V. ANISTRATENKO ◽  
TATIANA YA. SITNIKOVA ◽  
OLGA YU. ANISTRATENKO
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Family ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Type series of three nominal taxa of the hydrobiid gastropods inhabiting the Caspian Sea were traced recently in the uncatalogued part of the malacological collection of the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg. Images of the holotypes and some paratypes of Pyrgula isseli Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1969, P. sowinskyi Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1969 and P. derzhavini Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1969 are presented. The first two species belong to the genus Clathrocaspia (subfamily Caspiinae) and P. sowinskyi is considered a junior synonym of C. pallasii (Clessin & W. Dybowski in W. Dybowski, 1887). The attribution of the third species, P. derzhavini, to Laevicaspia (Pyrgulinae) is confirmed based on the newly discovered type material. Based on the additional information we update ecological data and distribution ranges of the species, provide comments on their nomenclature, systematic position and taxonomic rank.  

Antigenic analysis of Shigella sonnei by gel diffusion technics

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-743
Author(s):  
W. J. Martin ◽  
W. E. Mock ◽  
W. H. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
The Family ◽  
Heterologous Antigens ◽  
Gel Diffusion

The technics of immunogel diffusion as applied to soluble antigen concentrates of both smooth (S or DI) and rough (R or DII) forms of Shigella sonnei were studied. By using these procedures and using both homologous and heterologous antigens and antisera as well as specifically absorbed antisera, data were obtained that provided additional information which helped to clarify S–R (DI–DII) variations and the O and K antigens of S. sonnei. The same technics also were utilized to show the antigenic relationship between DI forms of S. sonnei and the C27 strain of Aeromonas shigelloides. The results of these studies suggested that O and possibly K antigens were shared between these two bacteria. Moreover, the association between the respective DII and R forms of S. sonnei and Shigella boydii 6 was confirmed and suggested the possibility of a degraded O antigen relationship. The applicability of gel diffusion methods by visual characterization of the antigenic interrelationships within members of the family Enterobacteriaceae was noted.

CHILDREN’S GRAPHICS AS A SOURCE OF FAMILY INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Ewa Piwowarska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Art Works ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Children’s graphic works provide a lot of information about the family. A strong bond between children and their mother and father, as people providing the sense of security, is closely related to art works concerning family made by the children. The drawings presented family became the subject of this study. Collected research material was the subject of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The analyses of the drawings allowed to notice that the way of perceiving family through the prism of relations experienced by the child (e.g. reversing proportions) was additional information about the members of the family. A variety of means of expressions used by children and elements that accompanied the figures are not only evidences of knowledge on particular topic, but they also express feelings, emotions or even expectations.

A study of Tasmanian Oniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda)

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJA Green
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The occurrence in Tasmania of seven of the eight species of Oniscoidea previously recorded is confirmed, and additional information on the species is given. Chiltonella tasmanica (Chilton) is transferred to Notoniscus Chilton. Six known species, Styloniscus thomsoni (Chilton), St. phormianus (Chilton), Notoniscus australis (Chilton), Deto marina (Chilton), Actaecia pallida Nicholls & Barnes, and Eluma caelatum (Miers) are recorded and described from Tasmania for the first time. Ten new species are established; one of these includes specimens which formerly were wrongly assigned to Oniscus punctatus Thomson. The position of the genera Styloniscus Dana, Notoniscus Chilton, Chiltonella Vandel, Plymophiloscia Wahrberg, Cubaris Brandt, S.S. after Verhoeff, and Sphaerillo Verhoeff is reviewed. A key to the families of Oniscoidea found in Tasmania is given; and, where necessary, a key to the genera in a family, or the species in a genus, is included in the section on the family or genus respectively.

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