Role of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Signaling in Secondary Metabolite Production

Abstract Regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organismal development in fungi. Transcription factors are key elements of this regulatory network. The basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of the bZIP-type transcription factors is responsible for DNA binding while their leucine zipper structural motifs are suitable for dimerization with each other facilitiating the formation of homodimeric or heterodimeric bZIP proteins. This review highlights recent knowledge on the function of fungal orthologs of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Atf1, Aspergillus nidulans AtfA, and Fusarium verticillioides FvAtfA, bZIP-type transcription factors with a special focus on pathogenic species. We demonstrate that fungal Atf1-AtfA-FvAtfA orthologs play an important role in vegetative growth, sexual and asexual development, stress response, secondary metabolite production, and virulence both in human pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium marneffei, and Cryptococcus neoformans and plant pathogens, like Fusarium ssp., Magnaporthe oryzae, Claviceps purpurea, Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium dahliae. Key points • Atf1 orthologs play crucial role in the growth and development of fungi. • Atf1 orthologs orchestrate environmental stress response of fungi. • Secondary metabolite production and virulence are coordinated by Atf1 orthologs.

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Secondary metabolite production and related biosynthetic genes expression in response to methyl jasmonate in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. in vitro plants

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-020-01975-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Rubio-Rodríguez ◽

Ileana Vera-Reyes ◽

Edgar Baldemar Sepúlveda-García ◽

Ana C. Ramos-Valdivia ◽

Gabriela Trejo-Tapia

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Secondary Metabolite Production ◽

Biosynthetic Genes ◽

Metabolite Production ◽

In Vitro Plants ◽

Genes Expression

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Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5671

Author(s):

Mohsen Hesami ◽

Austin Baiton ◽

Milad Alizadeh ◽

Marco Pepe ◽

Davoud Torkamaneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Genetic Engineering ◽

Suspension Culture ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Hairy Root ◽

Root Culture ◽

Hairy Root Culture ◽

Gene Transformation ◽

Secondary Metabolite Production ◽

Metabolite Production

For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.

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