scholarly journals Salutogenesis beyond Health

2022 ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
Shifra Sagy
Keyword(s):  
New Developments ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Heuristic Devices ◽  
Aaron Antonovsky

AbstractAaron Antonovsky enriched us with a unique, challenging model of salutogenesis, which had high levels of comprehensibility, manageability, and especially meaningfulness. When he passed away, about 25 years ago, we wondered whether, and perhaps how, the model would be developed after him. To witness today, the rich and active development of the model is deeply exciting. Part IV, Salutogenesis Beyond Health, deals with new developments and creative advancements of the theory.It is very tempting to continue Antonovsky’s way by using his strict guidelines for salutogenic research. However, he also taught us “it is wise to see models, theories, constructs, hypotheses, and even ideas as heuristic devices, not only truths.” The chapters included in this part of the handbook represent good examples of following this advice.

scholarly journals Bioethical Analysis of Gene Editing

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Caitlin Marie Reintjes ◽  
Isabel Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Opportunity Gap ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Genomic Editing

New developments in gene editing methods include the possibility to alter embryos for disease resistance. This could allow for increased immunity in the future, but at what cost? Gene editing may have unintended consequences. Some alterations may prevent the development of one disease but increase susceptibility to another. Other genes persist in populations for complex evolutionary reasons. Scientists must therefore consider the consequences and bioethics associated with these genetic changes. With examples such as the CCR5 coreceptor and major histocompatibility complex, it becomes clear that this type of genetic enhancement is immoral when evaluating it from biological, evolutionary, social, and economic perspectives. First, having the ability to select for certain desirable genes limits genetic diversity, which creates a barrier for evolution. Selecting for certain genes perpetuates the concept of ideal genes resembling dangerous eugenic ideologies. Should these procedures become more prevalent, the issue of accessibility arises. If these expensive procedures are only available to those who can afford them, the opportunity gap between the poor and the rich will widen. An investigation of case studies and ethical implications demonstrates that genomic editing is immoral and impermissible.

Why we cannot consider ourselves Darwinists anymore (Why Dunant won over Darwin)

2010 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Costantino Cipolla
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Based Medicine

The new developments in medicine pose serious questions on the assumption of Darwinistic views. Considering the sixty or more operative specialities (and the sub-specialities), the new borders of medicine, at least in the rich Western countries, may be summarized in three main branches: genetic-based medicine, or predictive medicine; regenerative medicine of organs, for an organic life without physical death, even with the death of self-consciousness; adaptive medicine, based on the adaptation to the self-conscious aims of a person, or enhancement medicine. These three kinds of applied science, in different and peculiar ways, put the free game of the natural Darwinistic evolution in crisis turning it on itself.

Quantitative nano-characterization of heterogeneous catalysts

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
P.A. Crozier ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Dose Imaging

Heterogeneous catalysts can be of varying complexity ranging from single or double phase systems to complicated mixtures of metals and oxides with additives to help promote chemical reactions, extend the life of the catalysts, prevent poisoning etc. Although catalysis occurs on the surface of most systems, detailed descriptions of the microstructure and chemistry of catalysts can be helpful for developing an understanding of the mechanism by which a catalyst facilitates a reaction. Recent years have seen continued development and improvement of various TEM, STEM and AEM techniques for yielding information on the structure and chemistry of catalysts on the nanometer scale. Here we review some quantitative approaches to catalyst characterization that have resulted from new developments in instrumentation.HREM has been used to examine structural features of catalysts often by employing profile imaging techniques to study atomic details on the surface. Digital recording techniques employing slow-scan CCD cameras have facilitated the use of low-dose imaging in zeolite structure analysis and electron crystallography. Fig. la shows a low-dose image from SSZ-33 zeolite revealing the presence of a stacking fault.

Instrumental Assessment in Cleft Palate Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Perry ◽  
Graham Schenck
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Instrumental Assessment ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hypernasal Speech ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
And Function

Despite advances in surgical management, it is estimated that 20–30% of children with repaired cleft palate will continue to have hypernasal speech and require a second surgery to create normal velopharyngeal function (Bricknell, McFadden, & Curran, 2002; Härtel, Karsten, & Gundlach, 1994; McWilliams, 1990). A qualitative perceptual assessment by a speech-language pathologist is considered the most important step of the evaluation for children with resonance disorders (Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, & Karnell, 2010). Direct and indirect instrumental analyses should be used to confirm or validate the perceptual evaluation of an experienced speech-language pathologist (Paal, Reulbach, Strobel-Schwarthoff, Nkenke, & Schuster, 2005). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current instrumental assessment methods used in cleft palate care. Both direct and indirect instrumental procedures will be reviewed with descriptions of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Lastly, new developments for evaluating velopharyngeal structures and function will be provided.

New developments in hematopoetic stem cell transplantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gratwohl
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Ältere Patienten ◽  
Solide Tumoren ◽  
Aplastische Anämie ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen ◽  
Hematopoetic Stem Cell ◽  
Angeborene Erkrankungen ◽  
Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation

Die Transplantation hämatopoietischer Stammzellen umfasst heute Stammzellen aus Knochenmark, peripherem Blut oder Nabelschnurblut. Leukämien, Lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen, aplastische Anämie und schwere angeborene Erkrankungen des Knochenmarkes sind Hauptindikationen für allogene, lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen, Leukämien, solide Tumoren und schwere Autoimmunkrankheiten Hauptindikationen für autologe Transplantationen. Neue Verfahren wie reduzierte Konditionierung und selektive Gabe von Spenderlymphozyten eröffnen die Stammzelltransplantation auch für ältere Patienten und für solche mit vorbestehender Komorbidität. Wenn immer möglich, wird die Transplantation ab Diagnose in den Behandlungsplan integriert. Die Wahl des Verfahrens und des geeigneten Zeitpunktes wird nach individuellem Risikoprofil erstellt. Alter oder Diagnose sind nicht mehr alleinige Entscheidungskriterien. Als etablierte Therapieform dürfte die hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantation als Modell dienen für Stammzelltransplantationen auch anderer Organe.

What’s Next?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vorderer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Entertainment Products ◽  
Entertainment Theory

This paper points to new developments in the context of entertainment theory. Starting from a background of well-established theories that have been proposed and elaborated mainly by Zillmann and his collaborators since the 1980s, a new two-factor model of entertainment is introduced. This model encompasses “enjoyment” and “appreciation” as two independent factors. In addition, several open questions regarding cultural differences in humans’ responses to entertainment products or the usefulness of various theoretical concepts like “presence,” “identification,” or “transportation” are also discussed. Finally, the question of why media users are seeking entertainment is brought to the forefront, and a possibly relevant need such as the “search for meaningfulness” is mentioned as a possible major candidate for such an explanation.

Behavioral Testing of Mice Concerning Anxiety and Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Schweinfurth ◽  
Undine E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Resilience Factors

Abstract. In the development of new psychiatric drugs and the exploration of their efficacy, behavioral testing in mice has always shown to be an inevitable procedure. By studying the behavior of mice, diverse pathophysiological processes leading to depression, anxiety, and sickness behavior have been revealed. Moreover, laboratory research in animals increased at least the knowledge about the involvement of a multitude of genes in anxiety and depression. However, multiple new possibilities to study human behavior have been developed recently and improved and enable a direct acquisition of human epigenetic, imaging, and neurotransmission data on psychiatric pathologies. In human beings, the high influence of environmental and resilience factors gained scientific importance during the last years as the search for key genes in the development of affective and anxiety disorders has not been successful. However, environmental influences in human beings themselves might be better understood and controllable than in mice, where environmental influences might be as complex and subtle. The increasing possibilities in clinical research and the knowledge about the complexity of environmental influences and interferences in animal trials, which had been underestimated yet, question more and more to what extent findings from laboratory animal research translate to human conditions. However, new developments in behavioral testing of mice involve the animals’ welfare and show that housing conditions of laboratory mice can be markedly improved without affecting the standardization of results.

New Developments in Adult Attachment: A Call for Re-Bowlbyization

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-813
Author(s):  
Lee A. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
New Developments
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