Why we cannot consider ourselves Darwinists anymore (Why Dunant won over Darwin)

2010 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Costantino Cipolla
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
The Self ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Based Medicine

The new developments in medicine pose serious questions on the assumption of Darwinistic views. Considering the sixty or more operative specialities (and the sub-specialities), the new borders of medicine, at least in the rich Western countries, may be summarized in three main branches: genetic-based medicine, or predictive medicine; regenerative medicine of organs, for an organic life without physical death, even with the death of self-consciousness; adaptive medicine, based on the adaptation to the self-conscious aims of a person, or enhancement medicine. These three kinds of applied science, in different and peculiar ways, put the free game of the natural Darwinistic evolution in crisis turning it on itself.

Omics-based Medicine and Systems Pathology

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
System Level ◽  
Predictive Medicine ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Systems Pathology ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Based Medicine

Summary Objectives: Recent important advances in the human genomics and post-genomic “omics” are now bringing about a new medical care which we call “omics-based medicine”. In this article, we investigated the development and future possibilities of omics-based medicine. Methods: We divided the development of omics-based medicine into three generations in order to clarify the main clinical goals and characteristics of informatics method of each generation, together with its future possibilities. Results: The first generation of omics-based medicine started with “genomic medicine” based on the inborn individual differences of genome. It has opened the study of genetic polymorphism of the diseases and promoted the personalized medication based on the pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic difference of the drug response. In the second generation of omics-based medicine, owing to the advances in the high-throughput technology, vast amount of the various post-genomic disease omics data containing comprehensive molecular information of diseased somatic cells has become available. It reflects the ongoing state of diseases more closely and enables the predictive medicine such as prognosis prediction of disease by applying the data-driven analysis. Finally, due to the rapidly growing knowledge about the cellular molecular network, system-level understanding of the disease, called systems pathology, becomes possible. It can fully exploit the substantial contents of disease omics and will lead to a comprehensive understanding of disease process by using model-driven analysis. Conclusion: Omics-based medicine and systems pathology will realize a new personalized and predictive medicine.

scholarly journals “Science. Not Just For Scientists. A Historiographical Analysis of the Changing Interpretations of the Scientific Revolution”

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Gasparik
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Traditionally, the Scientific Revolution has been portrayed as an era in history when new developments in fields of ‘scientific’ thought eclipsed the long-held notions presented by religion and philosophy. Historical interpretations subscribing to this view have often presented the Scientific Revolution as a time when significant changes occurred in the way societies understood their world. These historical analyses have focused on a limited suite of ideas – the iconic figures of the Scientific Revolution, the intellectual, methodological and theoretical developments of the era and the shift away from antiquated worldviews. Owing to the decidedly intellectual foci of these investigations, the Scientific Revolution, and the influential figures therein, are depicted as the impetus for modern thought and society as we know it today. However, in recent decades, historical studies of the Scientific Revolution have shifted away from investigations emphasizing the supposedly progressive nature of the era and have chosen to observe aspects of the historical period that are significantly more cultural in tone. For instance, aspects such as the economic impacts of intellectual developments, the self-fashioning practiced by figures during the period and the importance of cultivating various social relationships are observed in order to provide a richer, more socially contextualized presentation of the Scientific Revolution. This paper will compare two modes of historical investigation – Intellectual and Cultural Historical, examine the changes that have occurred in historical interpretations of the Scientific Revolution and illustrate the motivations that have guided these two distinct approaches to history. This historiographical analysis will show how portrayals of the Scientific Revolution have changed over time and developed from something decidedly intellectual in focus, into a much more nuanced, culturally focused form of scholarship.

Toward a Relational Cosmopolitanism

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-185
Author(s):  
Margaret A. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

This chapter argues that cosmopolitanism as a framework for global gender justice fails to capture the rich diversity and the power differences among women. It evaluates two prominent cosmopolitan positions, individualist cosmopolitanism and institutional cosmopolitanism. Individualist cosmopolitanism relies on an abstract and atomistic notion of the self. Abstracting from social and cultural context diminishes the significance of identity, and holding a strongly individualist notion of the self obscures the power relationships that undergird structural inequality. Institutional cosmopolitanism accounts for our interconnections through unequal global economic and political relationships, but it leaves aside issues of gender and culture. The chapter draws on the work of Rabindranath Tagore to construct a new type of cosmopolitanism, relational cosmopolitanism, that recognizes our interdependence, appreciates diversity, and criticizes power relationships. Supplemented by feminist ideas of world traveling and difference as a creative resource, relational cosmopolitanism is a promising framework for feminists interested in global gender justice.

Civility in China

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-111
Author(s):  
David C. Schak
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Loss Of Face ◽  
Uncivil Behavior ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Status Inequality ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter explores the level of civil and uncivil behavior in China with examinations of tourist’s conduct, road behavior, how people treat strangers, conceptions of and attitudes toward disturbing others, treatment of public space and public goods, observance of rules and laws, acts of charity, compassion toward and consideration of others, and egregious actions of the rich, the powerful, and the privilege. Chinese tourists are notorious for their boorishness and breaches of propriety and are a cause of shame and consternation at home; other causes of shame are the treatment of strangers in distress such as the Little Yueyue incident and attempts to extort money from Good Samaritans, the defining case being that of Peng Yu. Driver behavior is influenced by China being at a very young stage of mass car ownership as well as by notions of loss of face and the desire to be first, and behavior toward others by the dichotomizing of society into those with whom one is familiar and strangers and the lack of concern with the latter, though response to disasters is impressive. Civility is hindered by a strong sense of the self, wealth and status inequality, and a casual attitude toward laws and rules.

Some trends in 50 years of Italian Psychiatry (in Italian)

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
General Public ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
The One ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Popular Psychology

SUMMARYSeveral discernible trends have changed the outlook of psychiatric resources available to the general public during the last 50 years in Western countries and particularly in Italy. Among these trends, two conflicting issues are here outlined. On the one side, evidence based medicine is the core of a methodological revolution, which asks for a deeper criticism of subjective judgements in clinical matters; on the other side, the study of emotions and attitudes has stressed the outstanding importance of conscious and unconscious expectations both in patients and in caregivers. Moreover, popular psychology has altered the way mental disorder is commonly perceived and treated. A comprehensive way of taking into account these three diverse trends seems to be still lacking.

scholarly journals Self-assembly study of type I collagen extracted from male Wistar Hannover rat tail tendons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeimmy González-Masís ◽  
Jorge M. Cubero-Sesin ◽  
Simón Guerrero ◽  
Sara González-Camacho ◽  
Yendry Regina Corrales-Ureña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Rat Tail

Abstract Background Collagen, the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, represents a promising biomaterial for regenerative medicine applications due to its structural diversity and self-assembling complexity. Despite collagen’s widely known structural and functional features, the thermodynamics behind its fibrillogenic self-assembling process is still to be fully understood. In this work we report on a series of spectroscopic, mechanical, morphological and thermodynamic characterizations of high purity type I collagen (with a D-pattern of 65 nm) extracted from Wistar Hannover rat tail. Our herein reported results can be of help to elucidate differences in self-assembly states of proteins using ITC to improve the design of energy responsive and dynamic materials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Methods Herein we report the systematic study on the self-assembling fibrillogenesis mechanism of type I collagen, we provide morphological and thermodynamic evidence associated to different self-assembly events using ITC titrations. We provide thorough characterization of the effect of pH, effect of salts and protein conformation on self-assembled collagen samples via several complementary biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results Emphasis was made on the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for the thermodynamic monitoring of fibrillogenesis stages of the protein. An overall self-assembly enthalpy value of 3.27 ± 0.85 J/mol was found. Different stages of the self-assembly mechanism were identified, initial stages take place at pH values lower than the protein isoelectric point (pI), however, higher energy release events were recorded at collagen’s pI. Denatured collagen employed as a control exhibited higher energy absorption at its pI, suggesting different energy exchange mechanisms as a consequence of different aggregation routes. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in the Regeneration of Complex Tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. BTRI.S12331 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Modern medicine faces a growing crisis as demand for organ transplantations continues to far outstrip supply. By stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms, regenerative medicine aims to reduce demand for organs, while the closely related field of tissue engineering promises to deliver “of-the-self” organs grown from patients' own stem cells to improve supply. To deliver on these promises, we must have reliable means of generating complex tissues. Thus far, the majority of successful tissue engineering approaches have relied on macroporous scaffolds to provide cells with both mechanical support and differentiative cues. In order to engineer complex tissues, greater attention must be paid to nanoscale cues present in a cell's microenvironment. As the extracellular matrix is capable of driving complexity during development, it must be understood and reproduced in order to recapitulate complexity in engineered tissues. This review will summarize current progress in engineering complex tissue through the integration of nanocomposites and biomimetic scaffolds.

scholarly journals Subversi Terhadap Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Diskursus Demokrasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Karman Karman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Democratic Government ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government

Democratization in developing countries gets a challenge from Islamic fundamentalists. ICT provides an important opportunity for the rise of subversion against a democratic government. This article deals with construction of fundamentalists of Islamic groups in Indonesia towards democracy via the Internet. The goal of this study is to know their construction in the discourse of democracy. This research was using the method of discourse analysis with the model introduced by Leeuwen (2008). This research shows that the fundamentalists construct democracy on the basis of theology arguments (i.e.: democracy is a kufr system, idolatry, forbidden, and Islam-based invalid system) and bad effects of democracy. Democracy is a colonization tool of Western countries. It creates accompliceship between the rich and the powerful. Fundamentalists regard democracy as a “religion”. The Indonesian government is represented as “kafir (non-believer)/murtad(apostate)”, “colonialist’s accomplice”, “pharaoh”. Fundamentalist’s internet use becomes a challenge for the government with the subversion discourse emergence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document