scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Jakub Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Psychological Experiments ◽  
Modelling Process

AbstractPopulation processes, including migration, are complex and uncertain. We begin this book by providing a rationale for building Bayesian agent-based models for population phenomena, specifically in the context of migration, which is one of the most uncertain and complex demographic processes. The main objectives of the book are to pursue methodological advancement in demography and migration studies through combining agent-based modelling with empirical data, Bayesian statistical inference, appropriate computational techniques, and psychological experiments in a streamlined modelling process, with the overarching aim to contribute to furthering the model-based research agenda in demography and broader social sciences. In this introductory chapter, we also offer an overview of the structure of this book, and present various ways in which different audiences can approach the contents, depending on their background and needs.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwana Shamshad
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
And Migration

This introductory chapter sets the problem, provides a preview of nationalist thought in India and migration from Bangladesh and various nationalist thoughts. The politicization of migration of Bangladeshis into India operates at the intersection of religion, ethnicity, and discourses on nationalism in India. For the Hindu nationalists operating at the All-India level Muslims are ‘infiltrators’ and Hindus are ‘refugees’, for the Assamese ethnic nationalist both Hindu and Muslim Bengalis are ‘foreigners’. For the Bengalis in West Bengal, the ethnicity Bengaliness comes to the fore. The study sets three questions for three states. The chapter discusses these questions and the methodology to derive the answers. The chapter further discusses the field cities and the interviewees.

scholarly journals COVID-19 In United States: Statistical Analysis and Inferences From the Empirical Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Rethnakar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper investigates the mortality statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic from the United States perspective. Using empirical data analysis and statistical inference tools, we bring out several exciting and important aspects of the pandemic, otherwise hidden. Specific patterns seen in demo- graphics such as race/ethnicity and age are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. We also study the role played by factors such as population density. Connections between COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases are also covered in detail. The temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic are also looked at with suf- ficient rigor. It is hoped that statistical inference such as the ones gathered in this paper would be helpful for better scientific understanding, policy prepa- ration and thus adequately preparing, should a similar situation arise in the future.

Computational Economics in the Era of Natural Computationalism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Mak Kaboudan ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Computational Economics ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Neural Computing ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Numerical Aspect ◽  
Nature Inspired Intelligence

After a brief review of natural computationalism, this introductory chapter presents a new skeleton of computational economics and finance (CEF) along with an overview of the handbook. It begins with a conventional pursuit focusing on the algorithmic or numerical aspect of CEF such as computational efforts devoted to rational expectations, (dynamic) general equilibrium, and volatility. It then moves toward an automata- or organism-based perspective of CEF, involving nature-inspired intelligence, algorithmic trading, automated markets, network- and agent-based computing, and neural computing. As an alternative way to introduce this novel skeleton, the chapter starts with a view of computation or computing, addressing what computational economics intends to compute and what kinds of economics make computation so hard, and then it turns to a view of computing systems in which the Walrasian kind of computational economics is replaced by the Wolframian kind due to computational irreducibility.

Background, Clarifications, and Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Brad Vermurlen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Common Misconceptions

This introductory chapter opens with a brief summary of the big picture. It then establishes the existence of a New Calvinist movement in the United States since the turn of the millennium while acknowledging that the reality of the movement is itself a part of the puzzle. The chapter then provides an overview of the empirical data collected for this book, which includes participant observation at three (wildly popular) New Calvinist megachurches across the country, personal interviews with seventy-five Evangelical leaders (including New Calvinists and their religious challengers), and content analysis of printed and online materials, as well as how these data were analyzed. This chapter includes a section that responds to five common misconceptions about the nature and approach of this project. It ends with a summary of the narrative arc of the rest of the book, broken down by chapters.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Agent-Based Modeling of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Bio-construct for Myocardial Regeneration Scaffold Design

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Victoria Ramírez López ◽  
María Isabel Melo Escobar ◽  
Carlos A. Peña-Reyes ◽  
Álvaro J. Rojas Arciniegas ◽  
Paola Andrea Neuta Arciniegas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
And Migration

Regenerative medicine involves methods to control and modify normal tissue repair processes. Polymer and cell constructs are under research to create tissue that replaces the affected area in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the behavior of differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in silico and to compare the results that both offer when it comes to the design process of biodevices for the treatment of infarcted myocardium in biomodels. To assess in vitro behavior, MSCs are isolated from rat bone marrow and seeded undifferentiated and differentiated in multiple scaffolds of a gelled biomaterial. Subsequently, cell behavior is evaluated by trypan blue and fluorescence microscopy, which showed that the cells presented high viability and low cell migration in the biomaterial. An agent-based model intended to reproduce as closely as possible the behavior of individual MSCs by simulating cellular-level processes was developed, where the in vitro results are used to identify parameters in the agent-based model that is developed, and which simulates cellular-level processes: Apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Thanks to the results obtained, suggestions for good results in the design and fabrication of the proposed scaffolds and how an agent-based model can be helpful for testing hypothesis are presented in the discussion. It is concluded that assessment of cell behavior through the observation of viability, proliferation, migration, inflammation reduction, and spatial composition in vitro and in silico, represents an appropriate strategy for scaffold engineering.

scholarly journals An Empirical Agent-Based Model for Regional Knowledge Creation in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Martina Neuländtner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Regression Framework ◽  
Short And Long Term

Modelling the complex nature of regional knowledge creation is high on the research agenda. It deals with the identification of drivers for regional knowledge creation of different kinds, among them inter-regional networks and agglomeration factors, as well as their interplay; i.e., in which way they influence regional knowledge creation and accordingly, innovation capabilities—in the short- and long-term. Complementing a long line of tradition—establishing a link between regional knowledge input indicators and knowledge output in a regression framework—we propose an empirically founded agent-based simulation model that intends to approximate the complex nature of the multi-regional knowledge creation process for European regions. Specifically, we account for region-internal characteristics, and a specific embedding in the system of region-internal and region-external R&D collaboration linkages. With first exemplary applications, we demonstrate the potential of the model in terms of its robustness and empirical closeness. The model enables the replication of phenomena and current scientific issues of interest in the field of geography of innovation and hence, shows its potential to advance the scientific debate in this field in the future.

scholarly journals Globalization of Migration Processes: on the Threshold of the New Migration Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01225
Author(s):  
Rakhmon Ulmasov ◽  
Nurali Kurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Unit ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
National Governments

In this paper, the authors address the global issues of migration on the threshold of a new migration reality. Migration is considered to be one of the most actively developing global issues at present as more and more people are crossing the border of their state for one reason or another. The authors determine a comprehensive analysis of issues, in particular, the accelerating processes of global warming, expanding social and political conflicts, economic crises, and migration collapse. All of these issues together indicate a very important idea: in all of its processes related to life, particularly in the area of migration, the world has reached the threshold of a New Reality. The authors have indicated with absolute accuracy those issues that need a most focused attention from national governments and international institutions. This way, there is an obvious fact that is paradoxical for many countries, especially the European ones: despite the complex socioeconomic situation, limited natural resources, rising unemployment, declining income, and increasing impelled migration, there is a sharp growth in population in the Republic of Tajikistan. Such demographic processes are a hallmark of predominantly poor and underdeveloped countries, where having many children is often the only factor of a family’s survival as a social unit.

The Regulatory, Technology and Market ‘Dark Arts Trilogy’ of High Frequency Trading: A Research Agenda

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Currie ◽  
Jonathan J. M. Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Flash Crash ◽  
Financial Trading ◽  
Dow Jones Industrial Average

Computerization has transformed financial markets with high frequency trading displacing human activity with proprietary algorithms to lower latency, reduce intermediary costs, enhance liquidity and increase transaction speed. Following the “Flash Crash” of 2010 which saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunge 1000 points within minutes, high frequency trading has come under the radar of multi-jurisdictional regulators. Combining a review of the extant literature on high frequency trading with empirical data from interviews with financial traders, computer experts and regulators, we develop concepts of regulatory adaptation, technology asymmetry and market ambiguity to illustrate the ‘dark art’ of high frequency trading. Findings show high frequency trading is a multi-faceted, complex and secretive practice. It is implicated in market events, but correlation does not imply causation, as isolating causal mechanisms from interconnected automated financial trading is highly challenging for regulators who seek to monitor algorithmic trading across multiple jurisdictions. This article provides information systems researchers with a set of conceptual tools for analysing high frequency trading.

scholarly journals Climate shocks and migration: an agent-based modeling approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Entwisle ◽  
Nathalie E. Williams ◽  
Ashton M. Verdery ◽  
Ronald R. Rindfuss ◽  
Stephen J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Climate Shocks
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