scholarly journals The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Helen Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economic Ties

AbstractInclusion and protection of the LGBTQ+ community is a newly rising topic in the debate regarding the generosity of social policies worldwide. The adoption of regulations giving LGBTQ+ community the same rights and protections in regard to work- and social life is tied to local and global culture. The contribution of this chapter is to test, if culture, economic ties, spatial proximity, or colonial rule have any influence on the diffusion of antidiscrimination regulations in the workplace for the LGBTQ+ community. The results show, that local conditions have a greater impact on the implementation of these laws than transnational networks.

Ambivalent Relationships: London's Youth Culture and the Making of the Multi-Racial Society in the 1960s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Fuhg
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Class Youth

The emergence and formation of British working-class youth cultures in the 1960s were characterized by an ambivalent relationship between British identity, global culture and the formation of a multicultural society in the post-war decades. While national and local newspapers mostly reported on racial tensions and racially-motivated violence, culminating in the Notting Hill riots of 1958, the relationship between London's white working-class youth and teenagers with migration backgrounds was also shaped by a reciprocal, direct and indirect, personal and cultural exchange based on social interaction and local conditions. Starting from the Notting Hill Riots 1958, the article reconstructs places and cultural spheres of interaction between white working-class youth and teenagers from Caribbean communities in London in the 1960s. Following debates and discussions on race relations and the participation of black youth in the social life of London in the 1960s, the article shows that British working-class youth culture was affected in various ways by the processes of migration. By dealing with the multicultural dimension of the post-war metropolis, white working-class teenagers negotiated socio-economic as well as political changes, contributing in the process to an emergent, new image of post-imperial Britain.

scholarly journals КАРАКАЛПАКСКИЙ ПОСТОЯЛЫЙ ДВОР ШАРБАҚ

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Г.А Акимниязова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The City

Развитие торговли и экономических связей привело к необходимости строительства специальных заведений, предназначенных для торговцев, путников, с помещениями для вьючных животных. Это в свою очередь привело к появлению постоялых дворов. У каракалпаков постоялый двор назывался шарбақ. Он были двух видов: для кратковременного пребывания, расположенный в черте города недалеко от базара, и долговременного пребывания, устанавливавшийся при въезде в город. Второй из них предпочитали путешествующие издалека. Посетители же первых постоялых дворов останавливались в нем для разгрузки привезенного для продажи товара, реализовав который в течение дня, покидали заведение. Функции шарбақ заключались не только в предоставлении приюта, возможности отдыха, размещения товаров и животных, но и в общении, обмене новостями. В базарные дни сюда стекались жители со всей округи для того, чтобы узнать последние новости. Для старшего поколения шарбақ был, в первую очередь местом проведения досуга. Постоялый двор играл важную роль в жизни каракалпаков. Об этом свидетельствует их количество. К середине XX века постоялый двор начинает терять свою значимость в связи с развитием городской инфраструктуры и появлением гостиниц. The development of economic ties entailed arranging special establishments for traders and travelers, with premises for beasts of burden. This resulted in the construction of hostelries. The Karakalpaks called them sharbak. There were two types of sharbaks: located within the city near the bazaar, intended for a short stay, and installed at the entrance of the city for the long-term visitors. Travelers from far away preferred the second type. Guests of the first type of hostelries usually stayed there just to unload the goods and sell them at the bazaar during the day. The sharbaks not only provided shelter, recreation, and accommodation of goods and animals, but also served as a place for communication and news exchange. On market days, residents from all over the area flocked there to find out the latest news. For the older generation, sharbak was a place of leisure. The hostelry played an important role in the social life of the Karakalpaks, which is evidenced by their large number. By the middle of the 20th century, the sharbak began to lose its significance due to the development of urban infrastructure and modern hotels

The Colonial Mosaic of Indigenous New Spain, 1519–1821

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Political Economic

From a geographically, environmentally, linguistically, and ethnically highly variable Mesoamerica, Spain created a core region within her American territories. But for New Spain’s indigenous inhabitants (Mexica or Nahua, Mixtec, Zapotec, and Maya), despite experiencing demographic catastrophe, political and religious subjugation, and labor exploitation during and after conquest, native cultural patterns and agency influenced the reshaping of governance and community (the latter into pueblos de indios), economy, and spiritual and social life during the period of colonial rule. Because environments, indigenous languages, patterns of political, economic, and spiritual organization, ways of structuring family life, varieties of cultural expression, and forms of interrelationships with Spaniards varied so much, indigenous people did not experience a single New Spain. Instead, a multiplicity of New Spains emerged. These indigenous New Spains would play different roles during the independence period, which led to a protracted struggle, further impoverishment, and growing isolation in the new nations of Mesoamerica but cultural survival as well.

Writing African Women's History with Male Sources: Possibilities and Limitations

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Schler
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Life ◽  
African Women ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Birthing Practices ◽  
Women’S History

Colonial sources can provide historians with a wealth of information about African lives during the colonial period, but they must be read against the grain, filtering out valuable information from the biases and prejudices of European officials. The task of studying African women's history using colonial sources is even more complicated, as women were not often the focus of the colonial agenda, and contact between colonial officials and African women was relatively limited, and often indirect. Particularly in those arenas of African social, cultural, and political life deemed as women's spheres, colonial officials had little incentive to intervene. As a result, historians of later generations are faced with relatively sparse documentation of women-centered social activity during the colonial era. For their part, African women guarded cultural and political spheres under their influence from outside intervention, thus making it difficult for Europeans, and particularly European men, to gain a full and accurate understanding of women's individual and collective experiences under colonial rule.This paper will examine colonial research and documentation of African women's birthing practices.to illustrate both the potential for using these sources to understand some basic elements of women's experiences, and the limitations of this source material in providing deep and accurate insights into African women's history. Using an example from colonial Cameroon, we will see how European interest in women's birthing practices was motivated by colonial economic and scientific agendas steeped in racism and sexism, preventing European researchers from obtaining a balanced and accurate understanding of this women's sphere of social life. On the other hand, the documents reveal efforts of African women to prevent the colonial infiltration into women's arenas of influence.

scholarly journals Media culture in modern society

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Samir Ljajić
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Television Film ◽  
The Media

The importance of media culture in contemporary society is extremely large because it shapes a modern man life, the creation of political attitudes and social behavior of individuals. The products of media culture, paintings, sounds and performances are increasingly organizing free time of a contemporary man, shaping his thinking and identity. Based on the content of radio, television, film, and new media technologies, a person creates an image of himself, his own potentials, values, success, as well as his own affiliation, a certain class, race, nationality, and thus media culture has a remarkable social significance. A number of relevant authors state that media culture shapes people's perceptions of the world, the value system, morality, good and evil. Worldwide, the contents of the media culture today constitute a general culture and are seen as the basis for new forms of global culture. A complex spectrum of actions that make media, primarily radio television, film, and media of modern technologies, creates the need for a more precise definition of the term media culture, bearing in mind its breadth and complexity. In this context, the main goal of this paper is to define the concept of media culture, in order to better understand all aspects, as well as the complexity of the whole that this term implies. Media culture is determined by the terms which provide an insight into a better understanding of this term, and in this paper they are given considerable attention. D. Kelner in the Media Culture section points to the following important determinants: a wide range of media resources that form an integral part of the media culture; performances created by the combination of picture and sound; creation of features and symbols of contemporary social life; media culture as a high technology culture (techno-culture); the relation between media culture and society; theory of media and cultures.

Going in and Getting out of the Colonial Asylum: Families and Psychiatric Care in French Indochina

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Edington
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper explores the movements of asylum patients in and out of psychiatric care in French Indochina as the product of everyday interactions between psychiatrists, colonial authorities, and the public, especially patients' families. Throughout the interwar years, families and communities actively participated in psychiatric decision-making in ways that disrupt our notions of the colonial asylum as a closed setting that patients rarely left, run by experts who enjoyed broad, unquestioned authority. Vietnamese families, by debating individuals' suitability for social life, engaged with professional psychiatrists to find common ground for thinking about and discussing mental illness. At the same time, they pursued their own strategies in ways that significantly limited the power of experts. Debates revolved around the mental health of patients, but also around the capacity of families to assume their care upon release, and whether the asylum itself was the most appropriate site for treatment and rehabilitation. By considering how lay people and experts came together to negotiate the confinement and release of asylum patients, this paper offers a novel perspective on the development of psychiatric knowledge and power in colonial settings. I argue that by situating the history of psychiatry within the local dynamics of colonial rule as opposed to expert discourse, the asylum emerges here less as a blunt instrument for the social control and medicalization of colonial society than as a valuable historical site for reframing narratives of colonial repression and resistance.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Important Issues Concerning the Application of Benefit-Cost Analysis to Social Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Vining ◽  
David L Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Reentry Programs ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Benefit Cost

AbstractBenefit-cost analysis (BCA) provides a framework for systematically assessing the efficiency of public policies. Increasingly, BCA is being applied to social policies, ranging from preschool interventions to prison reentry programs. These applications offer great potential for helping to identify policies that offer the best returns on public investments aimed at helping the disadvantaged or otherwise improving social life. However, applying BCA to social policies pose a number of challenges. The need for a comprehensive approach to assessing social policies generally requires making predictions based on data from multiple sources and using available shadow prices. As these predictions and shadow prices are inherently uncertain, special effort must be made to explicitly address the resulting uncertainty of predictions of net benefits. Prediction and valuation are complicated by behaviors, such as addiction, that do not clearly satisfy the assumptions of neoclassical welfare economics. As distributional goals are often an explicit motivation for social policies, BCA may be an incomplete framework for public policy purposes unless analysts can find ways to incorporate people's willingness to pay for changes in the distribution of consumption across society. If BCA is to reach its potential for contributing to good social policy, analysts must be aware of these challenges and researchers must help address them.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL AND AESTHETIC CONCEPT OF SOCIAL COMMUNITY IN OSSETIAN LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
И.А. КАЙТОВА
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Economic Ties

Осетинская литература всегда углубленно и художественно убедительно ис­следовала такие социальные общности, как народ, нация, классы, семья. Объектом ее пристального внимания становились сугубо философские вопросы бытия данных общностей: каковы они с точки зрения их ценностно-аксиологической значимости на конкретном этапе исторического развития общества, в каком направлении они развиваются и какова их историческая судьба в потоке мощной динамики и диалек­тики историко-культурного процесса. В целом та или иная общность в интерпре­тации осетинской литературы – объективная реальность, форма общественной жизни, исторически обусловленная социальной связью между людьми, ее составляю­щими. Кроме того, она особый акцент ставит и на сознательно-духовных факторах общности: язык, традиции, менталитет, мировоззрение, социально-нравственные ценности, идеология. В общности люди объединены типом деятельности в системе общественного производства, включенностью в те или иные хозяйственные связи, об­щими материальными интересами, территорией или пространством, где они живут или работают. В этом смысле социальные общности, в концептуальном понимании осетинской литературы, объективны по своей природе. Но в них также обязательно присутствует и субъективный фактор. Так, любой человек, член той или иной общ­ности, созидает свои собственные связи и отношения в ней, либо обогащая ее потен­циальные возможности в движении к общественному прогрессу, к идеалу, либо умень­шая их. В целом это зависит от личности человека, его гражданской и нравственной зрелости. И потому столь глубоко и внимательно изучает осетинская литература природу, сущность человека, его связи в обществе. Вкратце такова философско-эсте­тическая концепция социальной общности, сформированная осетинской литерату­рой на протяжении всей ее истории. Ossetian literature has always explored in depth and artistically convincingly such social communities as people, nation, classes, and family. The object of her close attention became purely philosophical questions of the existence of these communities: what are they from the point of view of their axiological significance at a particular stage of the historical development of society, in what direction do they develop and what is their historical fate in the flow of powerful dynamics and dialectics of the historical and cultural process. In general, this or that community in the interpretation of Ossetian literature is an objective reality, a form of social life, historically determined by the social connection between the people who make up it. In addition, it places a special emphasis on the conscious-spiritual factors of community. For example, such as language, traditions, mentality, worldview, social and moral values, ideology. In a community, people are united by the type of activity in the system of social production, involvement in certain economic ties, common material interests, the territory or space where they live or work. In this sense, social communities, in the conceptual understanding of Ossetian literature, are objective in nature. But they also necessarily have a subjective factor. Thus, any person, a member of a particular community, creates his own connections and relationships in it, either enriching its potential opportunities in the movement towards social progress, towards the ideal, or reducing them. In general, it depends on the person’s personality, his civic and moral maturity. And that is why Ossetian literature studies the nature, the essence of a person, and his connections in society so deeply and carefully. In short, this is the philosophical and aesthetic concept of social community, formed by the Ossetian literature throughout its history.

scholarly journals WAYS OF OVERCOMING OF SOCIO-CULTURAL CONFLICTS IN THE PROCESS OF INTEGRATING OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS INTO NEW TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Olena Hazizova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Internally Displaced

The study considers specifics of sociocultural integration and adaptation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in new territorial communities. As a result of the military and political conflict caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, Ukraine since 2014 has been facing the problem of mass internal migration. The investigation of differences in values, socio-cultural attitudes and expectations of hosting communities in regard to IDPs (and vice versa, those of IDPs in regard to hosting communities) is important, as these attitudes and expectations significantly influence socio-cultural and overall communal atmosphere. The knowledge of socio-cultural moods and expectations of these social subjects serves as a scientific ground for the support of well-balanced relations between IDPs and hosting communities, including prevention of conflicts related to the discrimination of forced migrants. Adaptation of IDPs to the life in new communities depends on the reality of their expectations: both high and low, they negatively influence the process of adjusting to the new environment. It must be noted that most public and private initiatives aimed at helping IDPs have been successful, although such activities have been unsystematic, spontaneous, occasional, and fragmented. The sufficient level of satisfying of social, educational, and cultural needs is an important factor in adaptation of IDPs in new places of residence. This is especially indicated by school enrollment and psychological assistance provided to families with children. Most forced internal migrants state that employment constitutes for them the key problem, sometimes even greater than that of accommodation and social protection. Usually, such reasons for employment denial are mentioned: unwillingness to hire a person returned from the ATO zone due to their mental differences and mal-adaptation to local conditions. Thus, an account for sociocultural needs and value priorities as of IDPs so of local residents in the public and social life of the territorial community will have a positive influence on the overcoming of problems arising in the process of integration and adaptation of IDPs to their new life; prevent conflicts; increase the level of communication, and, in a larger sense, facilitate national unity and reconciliation.

METROPOLITAN BLUEPRINTS OF COLONIAL TAXATION? LESSONS FROM FISCAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN BRITISH AND FRENCH AFRICA,c.1880–1940

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout Frankema ◽  
Marlous van Waijenburg
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
State Building ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Social Science Literature

AbstractThe historical and social science literature is divided about the importance of metropolitan blueprints of colonial rule for the development of colonial states. We exploit historical records of colonial state finances to explore the importance of metropolitan identity on the comparative development of fiscal institutions in British and French Africa. Taxes constituted the financial backbone of the colonial state and were vital to the state building efforts of colonial governments. A quantitative comparative perspective shows that pragmatic responses to varying local conditions can easily be mistaken for specific metropolitan blueprints of colonial governance and that under comparable local circumstances the French and British operated in remarkably similar ways.

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