Layered Crises Preventing Poverty Reduction: An Analysis of Zambian Poverty Dynamics and Policy Implications

The presented study comparatively analyzes indicators of the level of poverty and social inequality in Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, and the European Union (EU) as a criterion of national economic security.Aim. The study aims to examine existing approaches to determining the level of poverty and its dynamics and to consider suggestions for improving this methodology.Tasks. The authors examine and comparatively analyze approaches and methods for determining the level of poverty and its dynamics in the European Union and the CIS countries that are not members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, and historical approach.Results. Determining the level of poverty based on the number of citizens with incomes below the subsistence level can lead to misrepresentation of the actual state of this phenomenon. Calculation of poverty indicators based on consumer spending provides more accurate data on the level of poverty in a country where a significant share of the population’s income is generated by remittances from individuals living abroad, which are not reflected in official income statistics. A comparative analysis of poverty dynamics shows that in 2013 the level of poverty in all four examined countries decreased compared to 2006. Poverty dynamics in Russia and Belarus is more synchronized than in Ukraine and Moldova. A common methodology for calculating the level of poverty in all EU countries makes it possible to conduct a more thorough comparative analysis of poverty dynamics and to formulate more accurate recommendations in the field of anti-poverty policies. Based on the identified poverty dynamics in the EU and Russia, it is highly possible that strategic objectives on poverty reduction in the European Union and Russia will not be completed.Conclusions. To exclude the possibility of interested authorities influencing the dynamics of the poverty indicator by changing its threshold values depending on the current economic or political situation, it is necessary to switch to comprehensive assessment of this indicator in Russia. For comparative cross-country data analysis, it is advisable to consider the possibility of creating a Eurasian Statistics Service within the EAEU that would collect statistics and standardize statistical methods among the EAEU member states.

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The Determinants of Poverty: Case of Indonesia

GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review - GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol.7(1) Jan-Mar 2019 ◽

10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.3(8) ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 58-68

Author(s):

Lilik Sugiharti ◽

Martha Ranggi Primanthi

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Education Attainment ◽

Education Access ◽

Logit Regression ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Poor Households ◽

Logit Regression Model

Objective - The objectives of the study were to analyze the general picture of poverty, and determinants of poverty in Indonesia. Understanding poverty characteristic is a main point for designing an effective poverty reduction strategy. During the last five years Indonesia has experienced a slowing down growth and the poverty rates has declined slightly. Some provinces or regions have managed to reduce the poverty well, while others have been slower, and also the distribution of the poor is uneven across both rural and urban, generally the rural is more than urban area. Methodology/Technique - Factors determining poverty of households were estimated and anayzed using a logit regression model, and it is found that such demographic factors as gender and age of households head, size of households, factors of production included accessibility to the technology and credit, working status, and education attainment, and also geographic characteristics significantly explain reasons for being poor. Moreover, increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention. Findings - The results of the determinants of poverty in Indonesia shows that poor households are those with large number of dependents and equipped with limited education access, and the majority of these households live in rural area. Novelty - Study suggests that increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention or policy implications. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Logit Regression; Poverty Reduction, Indonesia. JEL Classification: I21, I22, I24.

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Towards the attainment of sustainable development goal 7: what determines clean energy accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa?

Green Finance ◽

10.3934/gf.2021014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 268-286

Author(s):

Paul Adjei Kwakwa ◽

◽

Frank Adusah-Poku ◽

Kwame Adjei-Mantey ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Random Effect ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Political Regime ◽

Sub Saharan

<abstract> <p>Access to clean energy is necessary for environmental cleanliness and poverty reduction. That notwithstanding, many in developing countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa region lack clean energy for their routine domestic activities. This study sought to unravel the factors that influence clean energy accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa region. Clean energy accessibility, specifically access to electricity, and access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, were modeled as a function of income, foreign direct investment, inflation, employment and political regime for a panel of 31 sub-Saharan countries for the period 2000–2015. Regression analysis from fixed effect, random effect and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares show that access to clean energy is influenced positively by income, foreign direct investment, political regime and employment while inflation has some negative effect on its accessibility. The policy implications from the findings among other things include that expansion in GDP per capita in the sub-region shall be helpful in increasing accessibility to clean energy. Moreover, strengthening the democratic institutions of countries in the region shall enhance the citizens' accessibility to clean energy. Ensuring sustainable jobs for the citizens is necessary for access clean energy.</p> </abstract>

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Testing Green Financing for Greater Renewable Electricity Generation and Energy Efficiency: Implications for Post COVID-19 Time

10.21203/rs.3.rs-755722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Liu ◽

Jinhang Xu ◽

Yiming Wei ◽

Assem Abu Hatab ◽

Jing Lan

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Renewable Electricity ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Initiatives ◽

The Usa ◽

Development Goals ◽

Renewable Electricity Generation

Abstract There is a possibility that worldwide expenditures in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects could fall much further in 2017 and 2018. This may jeopardize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris climate change agreement. Lack of access to private financing slows the development of green initiatives. Now that sustainable energy isn't about science and technology, it's all about getting financing. Therefore, recent study intended to investigate the role of green financing for maximum renewable electricity generation and efficiency of energy in United States of America (USA). Our study suggested to value environmental initiatives, like other infrastructure initiatives, for greater electricity generation and energy efficiency in USA. Such infrastructural projects need long-term financing and capital-intensiveness. Our findings suggest that to sustain growth, development, and energy poverty reduction, around $26 trillion would be required, in terms of green financing, in the USA alone by the year 2030 to enhance energy efficiency. To achieve energy sustainability goals in USA, recent research suggested some policy implication considering the post COVID-19 time. If suggested policy implications are implemented successfully there are chances that green financing would make energy generation and energy efficiency as effective.

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Performance of Small-Scale Irrigation Schemes Under Climate Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Food Systems Sustainability and Environmental Policies in Modern Economies - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3631-4.ch003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 33-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edgar Muhoyi ◽

Josue Mbonigaba

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Small Scale ◽

Full Potential ◽

Irrigation Performance ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Agricultural Performance ◽

Small Scale Irrigation

Small-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) in developing countries have been crucial, but the evidence about their performance has not been sufficiently analyzed. This chapter documents such evidence by reviewing and classifying the performance indicators. It also assesses literature on whether there are discernible trends in the efficiency of SSIS, identifies and classifies SSIS constraints, and characterizes various channels through which SSIS might affect poverty. Objectives are achieved via a systematic review of literature from 1990 to 2017. Results indicate a lack of standardization of irrigation performance indicators, and there is evidence that irrigation has boosted agricultural performance. Even though SSIS were associated with higher productivity than rain-fed agriculture, they performed below their full potential due to undervaluation of irrigation water by irrigation authorities, farmer characteristics, costs, institutional setups, the policy environment, and design, cultural, community, and environmental issues. SSIS are important tools for poverty reduction, and relevant policy implications are outlined.

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Immiserizing Growth and Poverty Dynamics: An Assessment of Twelve Indian States

Immiserizing Growth ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198832317.003.0007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146-175

Author(s):

Vidya Diwakar ◽

Andy McKay ◽

Andrew Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Human Development ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

The State ◽

Income Growth ◽

Panel Survey ◽

Poverty Dynamics ◽

Indian States ◽

Chronic Poverty ◽

Using Data

This chapter reconsiders the extent to which recent impressive growth performance in India has been associated with poverty reduction, using data collected by the Indian Human Development Surveys, a panel survey conducted in 2004/5 and 2010/11. The panel nature of the survey allows us to link income growth to poverty dynamics, and in particular to movements into and out of poverty as well as chronic poverty. While the overall story in India over this period is one of impressive poverty reduction, the data also reveal some cases of immiserizing growth. This chapter seeks to understand the nature and factors underlying immiserizing growth for the state of Chhattisgarh.

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The Dynamics of Poverty

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anirudh Krishna

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Poverty Dynamics ◽

Future Directions ◽

Chronic Poverty ◽

Ethnographic Studies ◽

The Social

This article examines the dynamics of poverty and explains why poverty dynamics studies are necessary: to estimate the risk of impoverishment and the probability of escaping poverty; to identify the reasons associated with poverty descents and escapes; to distinguish between transient and chronic poverty; and to elucidate the social mobility prospects of individuals in different economic situations. The article begins with an overview of three types of approaches used in investigating poverty dynamics: panel data studies, participatory poverty assessments and ethnographic studies, and mixed-method studies. This is followed by a discussion of key findings from poverty dynamics studies; one finding is that poverty creation and poverty reduction occur everywhere in tandem. The article concludes by outlining future directions for research into poverty dynamics.

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Estimating poverty transitions in Mozambique using synthetic panels: A validation exercise and an application to cross-sectional survey data

10.35188/unu-wider/2021/964-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vincenzo Salvucci ◽

Finn Tarp

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Poverty Dynamics ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poverty Transitions ◽

High Degree ◽

True Values ◽

Synthetic Panels

In this paper we first validate the use of the synthetic panels technique in the context of the 2014/15 intra-year panel survey data for Mozambique, and then apply the same technique to the 1996/97, 2002/03, 2008/09, and 2014/15 cross-sectional household budget surveys for the same country. We find that in most analyses poverty rates and poverty transitions estimated using synthetic panels provide results that are close to the true values obtained using the 2014/15 panel data. With respect to intra-year poverty dynamics, we find that Mozambique has a high intra-year variability in consumption and poverty, and a very high degree of intra-year poverty immobility, with a big portion of the population remaining either in poverty or out of poverty over the whole year, with smaller percentages of individuals moving upward or downward. With respect to the 1996/97, 2002/03, 2008/09, and 2014/15 cross-sectional surveys, our results suggest that in most year-to-year comparisons there is a greater proportion of people getting out of poverty than falling into poverty, consistent with the poverty-reduction process observed, but the percentage of people staying in poverty over time appears to be substantially higher, involving about one-third of the population in most years. Further analyses on the 2008/09 and 2014/15 surveys estimate that for an individual who was in the vulnerable group in 2008/09, there is a 60 per cent probability of remaining in the same group, whereas the probability of becoming non-vulnerable is lower than the probability of entering poverty. This constitutes the first attempt to provide an insight into poverty dynamics in Mozambique using all the available survey data.

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Efficiency of small scale vegetable farms: policy implications for the rural poverty reduction in Nepal

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/81/2015-agricecon ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 181-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R.B. Shrestha ◽

W.-Ch. Huang ◽

S. Gautam ◽

T.G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Support Services ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Farm Income ◽

Small Scale ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Parametric Data

Poverty and hunger reduction are intertwined challenges and enduring issues in the world, particularly in developing countries. Improvement in the efficiency in vegetable farming helps the farmers increase the per capita income, reduce poverty and eventually improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This paper evaluates economic efficiency of vegetable farms in Nepal using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The results show evidence to suggest that vegetable farms in Nepal have a considerable potential for improving the vegetable production efficiency with a greater access to improved seed, agricultural credit, and training and extension services. Some policies options with regard to the vegetable production technology, and support services for farmers in general and women farmers in particular, are suggested to increase the farm efficiency. While some of these support services are currently available, we suggest that a more focus be given to creating the improved market access, to the women focused extension, and to training packages for the sustainable production. These support services can lead to increases in the farm income and to reduce poverty.

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Book review: Poverty, Chronic Poverty and Poverty Dynamics: Policy Implications by Aasha Kapur Mehta, Shashank Bhide, Anand Kumar and Amita Shah

Indian Journal of Public Administration ◽

10.1177/0019556120906584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 133-135

Author(s):

Dolly Arora

Keyword(s):

Policy Implications ◽

Poverty Dynamics ◽

Chronic Poverty

Poverty, Chronic Poverty and Poverty Dynamics: Policy Implications by Aasha Kapur Mehta, Shashank Bhide, Anand Kumar and Amita Shah (Eds.), Singapore: Springer, 2018, XXIX, 254 pp., EU 114.39 (Hardcover); ₹1176 (Kindle edition in India). ISBN: 978-981-13-0676-1; eBook ISBN: 978-981-13-0677-8.

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